NSG 3100 EXAM 4 – NUTRITION STUDY GUIDE
absorption - Answers - movement of the smaller elements through the walls of the
digestive tract and into the blood
amino acids - Answers - building blocks of proteins. must be consumed every day, the
human body does not produce or store excess amino acids for later use
anabolism - Answers - the use of energy to change simple materials into complex body
substances and tissue; one of the major biochemical processes that make up
metabolism
anorexia - Answers - loss of appetite in patients experiencing illness or side effects from
allergies, medications, or treatments (ex. chemotherapy suppresses desire to eat)
anorexia nervosa - Answers - serious disorder where patient exhibits life-threatening
practices as a result of an altered mental state
- may be used to gain some sense of control (ex. strict dietary intake regulation)
- distortion of body image (intense fear of gaining weight, being viewed as "fat") when
patient's weight is less than healthy or normal.
anthropometry - Answers - the study of human body measurements (for adults, it
consists of height, weight, BMI, and waist to hip ratio)
aspiration - Answers - inhalation of fluid or foreign matter into the lungs and bronchi
basal metabolic rate (BMR) - Answers - the minimum amount of energy required to
maintain body functions in the resting, awake state
bingeing - Answers - the intake of excessive amounts of food
body mass index (BMI) - Answers - a measure of body weight relative to height
- underweight- BMI less than 18.5
- normal BMI- 18.5-24.9
- BMI over 25 is overweight, BMI over 30 is obese
bulimia nervosa - Answers - an eating disorder characterized by bingeing followed by
purging
cachexia - Answers - a condition of physical wasting away due to the loss of weight and
muscle mass; often seen in patients suffering from terminal illnesses who are unable to
consume an adequate intake of food
, carbohydrates - Answers - major suppliers of energy and include sugars, starches, and
fiber (4 kilocalories per gram of protein)
catabolism - Answers - the breaking down of substances from complex to simple,
resulting in a release of energy (ex. breaking down of proteins into amino acids). One of
the biochemical processes that make up metabolism
cholesterol - Answers - waxy, fatlike substance that is found in all cells of the body. 75%
is produced by the liver and intestines, the remaining 25% is obtained from dietary
intake
chyme - Answers - a semiliquid mass, from digestion of food, that travels through the
intestines
digestion - Answers - breaking down of food into smaller particles of nutrients
dysphagia - Answers - difficulty swallowing
enteral feeding - Answers - provide short-term nutritional support for patients with a
functional GI tract, but cannot swallow, refuse to eat, or need additional nutrients to
meet the body's needs via tube (NG tube, G, tube, PEG tube)
enzymes - Answers - proteins responsible for catalyzing chemical reactions in the body
(digesting food and synthesizing new compounds)
fat-soluble vitamins - Answers - Vitamins A, D, E, K
- Excess fat-soluble vitamins are stored in the liver and fat tissue, not excreted by the
kidneys
fiber - Answers - complex carbohydrate that is classified as soluble or insoluble; assists
with bowel movements
free radicals - Answers - by-products that result when the body transforms food into
energy
hyperlipidemia - Answers - elevation of plasma cholesterol, triglycerides, or both
ketones - Answers - fragments from incomplete fat oxidation when carbohydrates are
not available
kilocalorie - Answers - amount of heat energy it takes to raise temperature of 1,000
grams or water to 1 degree Celsius
kwashiorkor - Answers - a lack of protein accompanied by fluid retention
absorption - Answers - movement of the smaller elements through the walls of the
digestive tract and into the blood
amino acids - Answers - building blocks of proteins. must be consumed every day, the
human body does not produce or store excess amino acids for later use
anabolism - Answers - the use of energy to change simple materials into complex body
substances and tissue; one of the major biochemical processes that make up
metabolism
anorexia - Answers - loss of appetite in patients experiencing illness or side effects from
allergies, medications, or treatments (ex. chemotherapy suppresses desire to eat)
anorexia nervosa - Answers - serious disorder where patient exhibits life-threatening
practices as a result of an altered mental state
- may be used to gain some sense of control (ex. strict dietary intake regulation)
- distortion of body image (intense fear of gaining weight, being viewed as "fat") when
patient's weight is less than healthy or normal.
anthropometry - Answers - the study of human body measurements (for adults, it
consists of height, weight, BMI, and waist to hip ratio)
aspiration - Answers - inhalation of fluid or foreign matter into the lungs and bronchi
basal metabolic rate (BMR) - Answers - the minimum amount of energy required to
maintain body functions in the resting, awake state
bingeing - Answers - the intake of excessive amounts of food
body mass index (BMI) - Answers - a measure of body weight relative to height
- underweight- BMI less than 18.5
- normal BMI- 18.5-24.9
- BMI over 25 is overweight, BMI over 30 is obese
bulimia nervosa - Answers - an eating disorder characterized by bingeing followed by
purging
cachexia - Answers - a condition of physical wasting away due to the loss of weight and
muscle mass; often seen in patients suffering from terminal illnesses who are unable to
consume an adequate intake of food
, carbohydrates - Answers - major suppliers of energy and include sugars, starches, and
fiber (4 kilocalories per gram of protein)
catabolism - Answers - the breaking down of substances from complex to simple,
resulting in a release of energy (ex. breaking down of proteins into amino acids). One of
the biochemical processes that make up metabolism
cholesterol - Answers - waxy, fatlike substance that is found in all cells of the body. 75%
is produced by the liver and intestines, the remaining 25% is obtained from dietary
intake
chyme - Answers - a semiliquid mass, from digestion of food, that travels through the
intestines
digestion - Answers - breaking down of food into smaller particles of nutrients
dysphagia - Answers - difficulty swallowing
enteral feeding - Answers - provide short-term nutritional support for patients with a
functional GI tract, but cannot swallow, refuse to eat, or need additional nutrients to
meet the body's needs via tube (NG tube, G, tube, PEG tube)
enzymes - Answers - proteins responsible for catalyzing chemical reactions in the body
(digesting food and synthesizing new compounds)
fat-soluble vitamins - Answers - Vitamins A, D, E, K
- Excess fat-soluble vitamins are stored in the liver and fat tissue, not excreted by the
kidneys
fiber - Answers - complex carbohydrate that is classified as soluble or insoluble; assists
with bowel movements
free radicals - Answers - by-products that result when the body transforms food into
energy
hyperlipidemia - Answers - elevation of plasma cholesterol, triglycerides, or both
ketones - Answers - fragments from incomplete fat oxidation when carbohydrates are
not available
kilocalorie - Answers - amount of heat energy it takes to raise temperature of 1,000
grams or water to 1 degree Celsius
kwashiorkor - Answers - a lack of protein accompanied by fluid retention
