Exam Questions And Answers | 2026
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Climacteric phase - The period of endrocrinologic, somatic, and transitory psychologic
changes that occur around the time of menopause.
, Early menopause - LMP before age 45
Late menopause - LMP after age 54
Primary ovarian insufficiency - Menopause that occurs before age 40
Early menopause transition (stage -2) - Persistent difference of 7 days or more in the
length of consecutive cycles.
Late menopause transition (stage -1) - 60 or more consecutive days of amenorrhea
Luteal out of phase event (LOOP) - Explains why some perimenopausal women have
elevated estrogen level sometimes...In the early menopause transition, elevated FSH
levels are adequate to recruit a second follicle which results in a follicular phase-like rise
in estradiol secretion superimposed on the mid-to-late luteal phase of the ongoing
ovulatory cycle.
Obese women and estradiol levels during menopause - Obese women are more likely
to have anovulatory cycles with high estradiol levels. They are also more likely to have
lower premenopause yet higher postmenopause estradiol levels compared with women
of normal weight. (why they are at higher risk of endometrial cancer)
Chinese and Japanese women - These ethnic groups have lower estradiol levels then
white, black and hispanic women.
stage +2 - late menopause stage: 5-8 years after FMP. Somatic aging predominates.
Increased genitourinary symptoms.
Stages +1a, +1b, +1c - early post menopause: 2 years after FMP. FSH rises, estradiol
decreases. VMS predominate.
Elevated FSH, LH - Endocrine labs after menopause
AMH, inhibin B - These hormones work during reproductive years to not deplete follicle
pool too quickly.
Phases during menopause transition and PMS symptoms - Menstrual cycle shortenes,
follicular phase compresses, women spend more time in luteal phase.. meaning more
premenstrual symptoms and more frequent menstrual periods.
How to respond if a patient requests FSH lab? - many pitfalls, variable depending on the
day of the cycle you draw the lab, normal or low FSH is not helpful.
The potentially superior marker of menopause, a lab. - AMH