MED-SURG: CARDIOVASCULAR REVIEW QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
1. What is the normal range for adult blood pressure?
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Answer: A normal blood pressure is generally considered less than 120/80 mmHg.
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2. What are the common symptoms of heart failure?
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Answer: Shortness of breath, fatigue, edema, weight gain, crackles in the lungs, and decreased exe
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rcise tolerance.
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3. What is the difference between systolic and diastolic heart fai
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lure?
Answer:
Systolic heart failure: The heart cannot pump effectively.
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Diastolic heart failure: The heart cannot relax and fill properly.
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4. What medication is commonly used to treat hypertension?
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Answer: ACE inhibitors, beta-
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blockers, calcium channel blockers, and diuretics are commonly prescribed.
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5. What is the first priority when caring for a patient with chest
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pain?
Answer: Assess airway, breathing, circulation, vital signs, pain level, and obtain an ECG.
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6. What are the classic signs of myocardial infarction (MI)?
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, Answer: Chest pain or pressure, radiating pain to the arm/
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jaw, shortness of breath, nausea, diaphoresis, and anxiety.
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7. What cardiac markers are elevated after an MI?
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Answer: Troponin I/T and CK-MB.
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8. What is atrial fibrillation?
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Answer: An irregular and often rapid heart rhythm originating in the atria.
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9. Why are patients with atrial fibrillation at risk for stroke?
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Answer: Blood can pool in the atria and form clots that may travel to the brain.
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10. What is the purpose of nitroglycerin?
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Answer: It dilates blood vessels to improve blood flow and decrease chest pain.
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11. What should a nurse assess before administering digoxin?
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Answer: Assess the apical pulse for one full minute. Hold if pulse is below 60 bpm unless otherwis
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e ordered.
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12. What are signs of digoxin toxicity?
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Answer: Nausea, vomiting, visual disturbances (yellow halos), confusion, and bradycardia.
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1. What is the normal range for adult blood pressure?
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
Answer: A normal blood pressure is generally considered less than 120/80 mmHg.
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
2. What are the common symptoms of heart failure?
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
Answer: Shortness of breath, fatigue, edema, weight gain, crackles in the lungs, and decreased exe
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
rcise tolerance.
sw
3. What is the difference between systolic and diastolic heart fai
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
lure?
Answer:
Systolic heart failure: The heart cannot pump effectively.
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
Diastolic heart failure: The heart cannot relax and fill properly.
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
4. What medication is commonly used to treat hypertension?
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
Answer: ACE inhibitors, beta-
sw sw sw
blockers, calcium channel blockers, and diuretics are commonly prescribed.
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
5. What is the first priority when caring for a patient with chest
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
pain?
Answer: Assess airway, breathing, circulation, vital signs, pain level, and obtain an ECG.
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
6. What are the classic signs of myocardial infarction (MI)?
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
, Answer: Chest pain or pressure, radiating pain to the arm/
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
jaw, shortness of breath, nausea, diaphoresis, and anxiety.
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
7. What cardiac markers are elevated after an MI?
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
Answer: Troponin I/T and CK-MB.
sw sw sw sw
8. What is atrial fibrillation?
sw sw sw sw
Answer: An irregular and often rapid heart rhythm originating in the atria.
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
9. Why are patients with atrial fibrillation at risk for stroke?
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
Answer: Blood can pool in the atria and form clots that may travel to the brain.
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
10. What is the purpose of nitroglycerin?
sw sw sw sw sw sw
Answer: It dilates blood vessels to improve blood flow and decrease chest pain.
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
11. What should a nurse assess before administering digoxin?
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
Answer: Assess the apical pulse for one full minute. Hold if pulse is below 60 bpm unless otherwis
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
e ordered.
sw
12. What are signs of digoxin toxicity?
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Answer: Nausea, vomiting, visual disturbances (yellow halos), confusion, and bradycardia.
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