NGR 6152 Midterm EXAM fully solved & updated (latest version verified for
accuracy) (Questions + Answers) Solved 100% Correct!!
Eukaryotic cells - (answer)Consists of 3 general components: plasma membrane, cytoplasm and
intracellular organelles
Nucleolus - (answer)Small, dense structure composed of RNA; most of the cellular DNA
Histones - (answer)DNA-binding proteins that help compact and fold DNA into chromosomes
Passive Transport - (answer)The movement of materials through a cell membrane without using energy.
Occurs by osmotic pressure.
Active Transport - (answer)Energy-requiring process that moves large molecules across a cell membrane
Transcription - (answer)synthesis of an RNA molecule from a DNA template; results in formation of
mRNA
Translation - (answer)Process by which mRNA directs the synthesis of a polypeptide
Nonsense Codons - (answer)stop codons (UAA, UAG, UGA)
Complement System - (answer)A group of blood proteins that directly lyse extracellular pathogens
membrane attack complex (MAC) - (answer)complement system components assembled to form pores
in membranes of invading cells
classical pathway of complement system - (answer)Activated by antigen-antibody complex (adaptive
immune system)
, NGR 6152 Midterm EXAM fully solved & updated (latest version verified for
accuracy) (Questions + Answers) Solved 100% Correct!!
lectin pathway of complement system - (answer)mannose-binding bacterial carbohydrates binds to
pathogen surface; second to act
Alternate pathway of complement system - (answer)Activated by gram-neg bacterial and fungal wall
polysaccharides
Anaphylatoxins - (answer)induce rapid degranulation of mast cells; necessary early in inflammation and
occurs CLOSE to inflammatory site
chemotactic factors - (answer)attract phagocytes to area of inflammation; required for a much longer
period and occurs DISTAL to inflammatory site
hypertrophy - (answer)Increase in cell size;
Results in enlarged tissue mass
Metaplasia - (answer)Mature cell type is replaced by a less mature cell type
Dysplasia - (answer)deranged cellular growth; atypical hyperplasia
Glycolysis - (answer)the breakdown of glucose by enzymes, releasing energy and pyruvic acid.
Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle) - (answer)Major end products are CO2 and two dinucleotides -- NADH and
FADH2 -- which transfer their electrons into the electron-transport chain
adaptive immune system - (answer)Specificity and memory are the primary characteristics. Products
include: antibodies (serum protein) and lymphocytes (blood cell)
accuracy) (Questions + Answers) Solved 100% Correct!!
Eukaryotic cells - (answer)Consists of 3 general components: plasma membrane, cytoplasm and
intracellular organelles
Nucleolus - (answer)Small, dense structure composed of RNA; most of the cellular DNA
Histones - (answer)DNA-binding proteins that help compact and fold DNA into chromosomes
Passive Transport - (answer)The movement of materials through a cell membrane without using energy.
Occurs by osmotic pressure.
Active Transport - (answer)Energy-requiring process that moves large molecules across a cell membrane
Transcription - (answer)synthesis of an RNA molecule from a DNA template; results in formation of
mRNA
Translation - (answer)Process by which mRNA directs the synthesis of a polypeptide
Nonsense Codons - (answer)stop codons (UAA, UAG, UGA)
Complement System - (answer)A group of blood proteins that directly lyse extracellular pathogens
membrane attack complex (MAC) - (answer)complement system components assembled to form pores
in membranes of invading cells
classical pathway of complement system - (answer)Activated by antigen-antibody complex (adaptive
immune system)
, NGR 6152 Midterm EXAM fully solved & updated (latest version verified for
accuracy) (Questions + Answers) Solved 100% Correct!!
lectin pathway of complement system - (answer)mannose-binding bacterial carbohydrates binds to
pathogen surface; second to act
Alternate pathway of complement system - (answer)Activated by gram-neg bacterial and fungal wall
polysaccharides
Anaphylatoxins - (answer)induce rapid degranulation of mast cells; necessary early in inflammation and
occurs CLOSE to inflammatory site
chemotactic factors - (answer)attract phagocytes to area of inflammation; required for a much longer
period and occurs DISTAL to inflammatory site
hypertrophy - (answer)Increase in cell size;
Results in enlarged tissue mass
Metaplasia - (answer)Mature cell type is replaced by a less mature cell type
Dysplasia - (answer)deranged cellular growth; atypical hyperplasia
Glycolysis - (answer)the breakdown of glucose by enzymes, releasing energy and pyruvic acid.
Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle) - (answer)Major end products are CO2 and two dinucleotides -- NADH and
FADH2 -- which transfer their electrons into the electron-transport chain
adaptive immune system - (answer)Specificity and memory are the primary characteristics. Products
include: antibodies (serum protein) and lymphocytes (blood cell)
