FETAL HEART MONITORING PRACTICE
FINAL SCRIPT 2026 QUESTIONS WITH
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
⩥Ms. Johnson is a 29-year-old G3P2. She has been admitted for
premature rupture of membranes at 38 weeks' gestation, following an
uncomplicated pregnancy. Her medical history includes asthma with
frequent use of rescue inhalers. Ms.
Johnson is at risk of interruption at which points in the maternal-fetal
oxygen pathway?
Select 2 answers.
A Maternal inhalation
b Maternal circulation
c Placenta
d Uterus
e Umbilical cord
f Fetal circulation. Answer: A Maternal inhalation
e Umbilical cord
Due to her history of asthma and loss of amniotic fluid, there is a risk of
interruption in the maternal-fetal oxygen pathway due to the potential
issue with maternal inhalation (asthma) and the potential for umbilical
,cord compression (decreased amniotic fluid). She has no identified
issues with makernal or fetal circulation or with her placenta or uterus.
⩥A new nurse is learning about electronic fetal monitoring (EFM) while
being oriented to labor and delivery. Which of the following are true
regarding EFM?
Select 2 answers.
a. Since continuous fetal monitoring has been implemented, there has
been a decrease in fetal morbidity and mortality.
b. Continuous fetal monitoring is the most popular type of FHR
monitoring in the United States.
c. Wireless EFM allows freedom of movement while still continuously
monitoring the FHR.
d. AlI EFM devices are used continuously while a patient is in labor..
Answer: b. Continuous fetal monitoring is the most popular type of FHR
monitoring in the United States.
c. Wireless EFM allows freedom of movement while still continuously
monitoring the FHR.
Continuous FM is the most common type of intrapartum FHR
monitoring in use today, even though there has been no evidence that it
has lowered cerebral palsy rates, perinatal death, neonatal death, low
AGAR scores, or rates of neonatal encephalopathy (Sartwelle, Johnston
2018). FM is performed using either a handheld Doppler ultrasound
device or external ultrasound transducer. Wireless
,EFM allows the patient to move about without being tethered to the
monitor base.
EFM devices may be used intermittently or continuously in labor.
⩥Each type of deceleration on the FHR tracing points to a distinct
underlying cause. Knowledge of the etiologies underlying each
deceleration type is important when choosing corrective interventions.
Risk factors for late decelerations include which of the following?
Select all that apply.
a. Maternal asthma
b. Intrauterine growth restriction
c. 42 weeks' gestation
d. Oligohydramnios. Answer: a. Maternal asthma
b. Intrauterine growth restriction
c. 42 weeks' gestation
Maternal/uteroplacental factors: tachysystole, postterm, placental
abruption, inadequate spiral artery dilation r/t PEC
* Maternal factor-inhalation: asthma, sleep apnea
, * Maternal factor-circulation: hypotension, hypertension, hypovolemia,
anemia, microvascular disease (DM, lupus, rheumatoid arthritis),
tachycardia
Fetal factors: IUGR, hypoxia, tachycardia, hyperthermia
⩥Although Category II patterns do not predict abnormal fetal acid-base
status, they require which of the following?
Select all that apply.
a Immediate delivery
b More frequent evaluation
c. Continued surveillance with documentation
d. Initiation of appropriate corrective measures when indicated. Answer:
b c. d.
Category II FHR patterns are considered indeterminate, meaning they do
not predict abnormal fetal acid-base status. They require more frequent
evaluation, initiation of corrective measures when indicated, and
ongoing assessment for progressive changes in the FHR characteristics.
Failure to do so may result in the deterioration of the pattern to Category
IlI that is strongly predictive of abnormal fetal acid-base status.
⩥Ms. Goldberg is in labor. Her fetal tracing is showing a prolonged
deceleration that has lasted 4 minutes in spite of repositioning the patient
FINAL SCRIPT 2026 QUESTIONS WITH
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
⩥Ms. Johnson is a 29-year-old G3P2. She has been admitted for
premature rupture of membranes at 38 weeks' gestation, following an
uncomplicated pregnancy. Her medical history includes asthma with
frequent use of rescue inhalers. Ms.
Johnson is at risk of interruption at which points in the maternal-fetal
oxygen pathway?
Select 2 answers.
A Maternal inhalation
b Maternal circulation
c Placenta
d Uterus
e Umbilical cord
f Fetal circulation. Answer: A Maternal inhalation
e Umbilical cord
Due to her history of asthma and loss of amniotic fluid, there is a risk of
interruption in the maternal-fetal oxygen pathway due to the potential
issue with maternal inhalation (asthma) and the potential for umbilical
,cord compression (decreased amniotic fluid). She has no identified
issues with makernal or fetal circulation or with her placenta or uterus.
⩥A new nurse is learning about electronic fetal monitoring (EFM) while
being oriented to labor and delivery. Which of the following are true
regarding EFM?
Select 2 answers.
a. Since continuous fetal monitoring has been implemented, there has
been a decrease in fetal morbidity and mortality.
b. Continuous fetal monitoring is the most popular type of FHR
monitoring in the United States.
c. Wireless EFM allows freedom of movement while still continuously
monitoring the FHR.
d. AlI EFM devices are used continuously while a patient is in labor..
Answer: b. Continuous fetal monitoring is the most popular type of FHR
monitoring in the United States.
c. Wireless EFM allows freedom of movement while still continuously
monitoring the FHR.
Continuous FM is the most common type of intrapartum FHR
monitoring in use today, even though there has been no evidence that it
has lowered cerebral palsy rates, perinatal death, neonatal death, low
AGAR scores, or rates of neonatal encephalopathy (Sartwelle, Johnston
2018). FM is performed using either a handheld Doppler ultrasound
device or external ultrasound transducer. Wireless
,EFM allows the patient to move about without being tethered to the
monitor base.
EFM devices may be used intermittently or continuously in labor.
⩥Each type of deceleration on the FHR tracing points to a distinct
underlying cause. Knowledge of the etiologies underlying each
deceleration type is important when choosing corrective interventions.
Risk factors for late decelerations include which of the following?
Select all that apply.
a. Maternal asthma
b. Intrauterine growth restriction
c. 42 weeks' gestation
d. Oligohydramnios. Answer: a. Maternal asthma
b. Intrauterine growth restriction
c. 42 weeks' gestation
Maternal/uteroplacental factors: tachysystole, postterm, placental
abruption, inadequate spiral artery dilation r/t PEC
* Maternal factor-inhalation: asthma, sleep apnea
, * Maternal factor-circulation: hypotension, hypertension, hypovolemia,
anemia, microvascular disease (DM, lupus, rheumatoid arthritis),
tachycardia
Fetal factors: IUGR, hypoxia, tachycardia, hyperthermia
⩥Although Category II patterns do not predict abnormal fetal acid-base
status, they require which of the following?
Select all that apply.
a Immediate delivery
b More frequent evaluation
c. Continued surveillance with documentation
d. Initiation of appropriate corrective measures when indicated. Answer:
b c. d.
Category II FHR patterns are considered indeterminate, meaning they do
not predict abnormal fetal acid-base status. They require more frequent
evaluation, initiation of corrective measures when indicated, and
ongoing assessment for progressive changes in the FHR characteristics.
Failure to do so may result in the deterioration of the pattern to Category
IlI that is strongly predictive of abnormal fetal acid-base status.
⩥Ms. Goldberg is in labor. Her fetal tracing is showing a prolonged
deceleration that has lasted 4 minutes in spite of repositioning the patient
