FINAL EXAM NR605 PSYCHIATRIC MENTAL
HEALTH ACROSS THE LIFESPAN WEEKS 5 8
PAPER 2026 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
GRADED A+
◉ CBT Relationship to Nursing Theory. Answer: -Orem's self-care
deficit nursing theory
• provides a framework to view CBT as a supportive intervention
• fosters effective self-care behaviors
-Roy's Adaptation Theory
• premise that individuals use coping mechanisms to adapt to
stimuli, both internal and external
• share underpinnings with CBT.
◉ Indications for CBT. Answer: -treatment of a wide range of
diagnoses
• depression
• anxiety disorders
• substance use disorders
• eating disorders
• severe mental illness
,• PTSD
◉ Principles of CBT include:. Answer: -way an ind cognitively
structures thoughts about self & the world determines how the ind
feels & behaves
-Dysfunctional thoughts are rooted in irrational assumptions
-Dysfunctional thinking and learned patterns of maladaptive
behavior contribute to psychological problems
-Ind's can learn more adaptive behaviors which can relieve
symptoms & improve quality of life
-CBT is (+) & stresses collaboration & active participation
-CBT includes action plans in the form of therapy homework
◉ Role of the Psychotherapist in CBT. Answer: -using a structured,
collaborative approach to help clients recognize and reevaluate
cognitive distortions
-help clients:
• better understand the behaviors of others
• develop improved coping skills
-Psychoeducation
-Homework
• to help clients reinforce & build on what was learned during the
therapy session
,◉ motivational interviewing (MI). Answer: -helps individuals
prepare for change
-person-centered, evidence-based approach to behavior change
-using a collaborative, goal-oriented communication style
-empowers clients to draw on their meanings & capacities to
facilitate change
• addressing issues with ambivalence and resistance
-grew out of William R. Miller's clinical practice working with clients
with substance use disorders in the 1980s
• collaborated with Stephen Rollnick to write book: Motivational
interviewing
◉ Indications for MI. Answer: -reduction of substance use and
health promotion
-improving medication adherence in clients with schizophrenia
◉ MI Guiding Principles. Answer: -acceptance
-empathy
-compassion
-respect of client autonomy
-acknowledgment of the client's strengths & efforts
-Spirit of MI
• Partnership, compassion, acceptance, evocation
, ◉ MI Role of the Psychotherapist. Answer: represented by the
mnemonic RULE:
Resist the righting reflex
Understand the patient's motivation
Listen to the patient
Empower the patient
◉ OARS. Answer: Communication skills for MI:
-Open questions
• cannot be answered with a yes or no, require elaboration
-Affirming
• provide encouragement, are (+) comments on a client's strengths
or efforts
-Reflecting
• mirror the content or feelings explicitly or implicitly stated by the
client
• convey empathy, demonstrate listening, highlight emotions &
beliefs, • provide opportunities for the client to elaborate on their
concerns
HEALTH ACROSS THE LIFESPAN WEEKS 5 8
PAPER 2026 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
GRADED A+
◉ CBT Relationship to Nursing Theory. Answer: -Orem's self-care
deficit nursing theory
• provides a framework to view CBT as a supportive intervention
• fosters effective self-care behaviors
-Roy's Adaptation Theory
• premise that individuals use coping mechanisms to adapt to
stimuli, both internal and external
• share underpinnings with CBT.
◉ Indications for CBT. Answer: -treatment of a wide range of
diagnoses
• depression
• anxiety disorders
• substance use disorders
• eating disorders
• severe mental illness
,• PTSD
◉ Principles of CBT include:. Answer: -way an ind cognitively
structures thoughts about self & the world determines how the ind
feels & behaves
-Dysfunctional thoughts are rooted in irrational assumptions
-Dysfunctional thinking and learned patterns of maladaptive
behavior contribute to psychological problems
-Ind's can learn more adaptive behaviors which can relieve
symptoms & improve quality of life
-CBT is (+) & stresses collaboration & active participation
-CBT includes action plans in the form of therapy homework
◉ Role of the Psychotherapist in CBT. Answer: -using a structured,
collaborative approach to help clients recognize and reevaluate
cognitive distortions
-help clients:
• better understand the behaviors of others
• develop improved coping skills
-Psychoeducation
-Homework
• to help clients reinforce & build on what was learned during the
therapy session
,◉ motivational interviewing (MI). Answer: -helps individuals
prepare for change
-person-centered, evidence-based approach to behavior change
-using a collaborative, goal-oriented communication style
-empowers clients to draw on their meanings & capacities to
facilitate change
• addressing issues with ambivalence and resistance
-grew out of William R. Miller's clinical practice working with clients
with substance use disorders in the 1980s
• collaborated with Stephen Rollnick to write book: Motivational
interviewing
◉ Indications for MI. Answer: -reduction of substance use and
health promotion
-improving medication adherence in clients with schizophrenia
◉ MI Guiding Principles. Answer: -acceptance
-empathy
-compassion
-respect of client autonomy
-acknowledgment of the client's strengths & efforts
-Spirit of MI
• Partnership, compassion, acceptance, evocation
, ◉ MI Role of the Psychotherapist. Answer: represented by the
mnemonic RULE:
Resist the righting reflex
Understand the patient's motivation
Listen to the patient
Empower the patient
◉ OARS. Answer: Communication skills for MI:
-Open questions
• cannot be answered with a yes or no, require elaboration
-Affirming
• provide encouragement, are (+) comments on a client's strengths
or efforts
-Reflecting
• mirror the content or feelings explicitly or implicitly stated by the
client
• convey empathy, demonstrate listening, highlight emotions &
beliefs, • provide opportunities for the client to elaborate on their
concerns
