Inclusive management
1.Introduction & intercultural communication
Inclusive management:
A management approach that values diversity & promotes the
inclusion of all employees (profile, age, gender or other
discrimination criteria)
Aims to create a healty working environment (everybody feels
respected, valued and supported)
Seeks to eliminate stereotypes and discrimination
Innovation and creativity recognizing the individuality of each
team member
Why is inclusive management important?
= financial performance: businesses with more diversity score better
financial
Companies with more women and ethnic diversity in leadership
positions have a higher change of success and profit than companies
with little diversity
Different perspectives lead to better decisions, more innovation and
stronger teamwork
= positive impact on talent retention, innovation, decision-making,
reputation,…
9 benefit of diversity, equity and inclusion:
What is intercultural communication?
1. what is communication?
,= communication is symbolic, interpretive, transactional, contextual,
process in which people share meanings
Symbolic: objects, words, actions representing meaning
= interpreted as a message
= arbitrary and non-arbitrary symbols
Arbitrary meaning is based on social agreement
non-arbitrary meaning there is a natural connection not what
they represent (crying face showing sadness)
interpretive
= understanding is essential
= shared agreement otherwise misunderstanding can happen
transactional
= communication is a two-way process in which people both send
and receive messages at the same time
= intercultural communication is the communication between
sources and receivers from different cultures
contextual
= physical context : candlelight dinner vs crowded street
= social context : funeral vs party
= interpersonal context : talk with boss vs with best friends
process
= dynamic, developing, changing
= people create shared meanings
2. what is culture?
= is a context phenomenon, a shared system of meanings ( Basanez)
= is the collective programming of the mind, which distinguishes the
members of one group of people from another (Hofstede)
= is a learnt set of shared interpretations about beliefs, values, norms and
social practices, which affect the behaviors of a large group of people
(Lustig & Koester)
,Culture consist of layers (Schein)
= made up of different levels
= to which cultural layer of Schein’s onion would you
contribute
art and architecture
balance between work and home
food
corruption
humour
beliefs
dress
3. what is intercultural communication
= is the communication between sources and receivers from different
cultures and good intercultural communication requires an interculturally
sensitive attitude, cultural knowledge
= as well as skills in frame-of-reference-shifting
= also about developing a creative mindset to see things from different
angels without rigid pre-judgment
Why is intercultural communication important?
= how you see others influenced by your own cultural perspective
= it is essential to learn to navigate across different cultural landscapes
need an understanding of how different cultures trade and do
business
need an insight into how different cultures communicate
need an clear idea of how different cultures manage people
need to understand other cultures
2. culture, communication & global citizenship
Barriers to intercultural communication:
1. assuming similarity instead of differences
= happens when people think that others from different cultures
behave, think, or communicate in the same way they do
This can lead to misunderstandings
2. stereotypes, prejudice and discrimination
, = stereotypes vs generalizations:
generalizations are helpful behavior of people (not judgmental)
stereotypes are hurtful lock people in categories, make
judgements
= these two are often confused they both involve making broad
statements about a group of people
prejudice = means having a negative opinion about someone
without really knowing them
discrimination= happens when people are treated unfairly
because of their culture
3. ethnocentrism
= means believing that your own culture is the normal or best
culture and judging other cultures by your own cultural standards
4. perception
= way people interpret and understand the world around them
= culture strongly influences perception, so people from different
cultures may interpret the same situation differently
What are cultural values?
= values are the building blocks of cultures
means that values influence how people
think, behave, communicate, make decisions
values shape what a culture considers important, acceptable or
respectful
2 ways to study cultural values:
1. normative perspective
= how should we behave?
Focuses on rules, ideals and expectations in society
Is about what people believe is the right way to behave
2. Descriptive perspective
= how do people actually behave?
= what are their preferences?
Observes cultural patterns and preferences
Many classifications:
- Hall: key concepts of cultural differences
- Kluckhohn: variations in value orientations
- Hofstede: Dimensions of culture
- Trompenaars: dimensions of culture
1.Introduction & intercultural communication
Inclusive management:
A management approach that values diversity & promotes the
inclusion of all employees (profile, age, gender or other
discrimination criteria)
Aims to create a healty working environment (everybody feels
respected, valued and supported)
Seeks to eliminate stereotypes and discrimination
Innovation and creativity recognizing the individuality of each
team member
Why is inclusive management important?
= financial performance: businesses with more diversity score better
financial
Companies with more women and ethnic diversity in leadership
positions have a higher change of success and profit than companies
with little diversity
Different perspectives lead to better decisions, more innovation and
stronger teamwork
= positive impact on talent retention, innovation, decision-making,
reputation,…
9 benefit of diversity, equity and inclusion:
What is intercultural communication?
1. what is communication?
,= communication is symbolic, interpretive, transactional, contextual,
process in which people share meanings
Symbolic: objects, words, actions representing meaning
= interpreted as a message
= arbitrary and non-arbitrary symbols
Arbitrary meaning is based on social agreement
non-arbitrary meaning there is a natural connection not what
they represent (crying face showing sadness)
interpretive
= understanding is essential
= shared agreement otherwise misunderstanding can happen
transactional
= communication is a two-way process in which people both send
and receive messages at the same time
= intercultural communication is the communication between
sources and receivers from different cultures
contextual
= physical context : candlelight dinner vs crowded street
= social context : funeral vs party
= interpersonal context : talk with boss vs with best friends
process
= dynamic, developing, changing
= people create shared meanings
2. what is culture?
= is a context phenomenon, a shared system of meanings ( Basanez)
= is the collective programming of the mind, which distinguishes the
members of one group of people from another (Hofstede)
= is a learnt set of shared interpretations about beliefs, values, norms and
social practices, which affect the behaviors of a large group of people
(Lustig & Koester)
,Culture consist of layers (Schein)
= made up of different levels
= to which cultural layer of Schein’s onion would you
contribute
art and architecture
balance between work and home
food
corruption
humour
beliefs
dress
3. what is intercultural communication
= is the communication between sources and receivers from different
cultures and good intercultural communication requires an interculturally
sensitive attitude, cultural knowledge
= as well as skills in frame-of-reference-shifting
= also about developing a creative mindset to see things from different
angels without rigid pre-judgment
Why is intercultural communication important?
= how you see others influenced by your own cultural perspective
= it is essential to learn to navigate across different cultural landscapes
need an understanding of how different cultures trade and do
business
need an insight into how different cultures communicate
need an clear idea of how different cultures manage people
need to understand other cultures
2. culture, communication & global citizenship
Barriers to intercultural communication:
1. assuming similarity instead of differences
= happens when people think that others from different cultures
behave, think, or communicate in the same way they do
This can lead to misunderstandings
2. stereotypes, prejudice and discrimination
, = stereotypes vs generalizations:
generalizations are helpful behavior of people (not judgmental)
stereotypes are hurtful lock people in categories, make
judgements
= these two are often confused they both involve making broad
statements about a group of people
prejudice = means having a negative opinion about someone
without really knowing them
discrimination= happens when people are treated unfairly
because of their culture
3. ethnocentrism
= means believing that your own culture is the normal or best
culture and judging other cultures by your own cultural standards
4. perception
= way people interpret and understand the world around them
= culture strongly influences perception, so people from different
cultures may interpret the same situation differently
What are cultural values?
= values are the building blocks of cultures
means that values influence how people
think, behave, communicate, make decisions
values shape what a culture considers important, acceptable or
respectful
2 ways to study cultural values:
1. normative perspective
= how should we behave?
Focuses on rules, ideals and expectations in society
Is about what people believe is the right way to behave
2. Descriptive perspective
= how do people actually behave?
= what are their preferences?
Observes cultural patterns and preferences
Many classifications:
- Hall: key concepts of cultural differences
- Kluckhohn: variations in value orientations
- Hofstede: Dimensions of culture
- Trompenaars: dimensions of culture
