FINAL EXAM NR605 PSYCHIATRIC MENTAL
HEALTH ACROSS THE LIFESPAN WEEKS 5 8
REVIEW SHEET 2026 FULL ANSWERS
◉ Which nursing theorists have associations with CBT? Answer:
Orem
Roy
Parse
◉ What nursing theory did Orem develop? How does it relate to
CBT? Answer: self-care deficit nursing theory
provides a framework to view CBT as a supportive intervention that
fosters effective self-care behaviors
◉ What nursing theory did Roy develop? How does it relate to CBT?
Answer: Adaptation Theory, with its premise that individuals use
coping mechanisms to adapt to stimuli, both internal and external
◉ What diagnoses does CBT treat? Answer: depression, anxiety
disorders, substance use disorders, eating disorders, severe mental
illness, OCD, and PTSD
,◉ What are the key concepts of CBT? Answer: -The way an
individual cognitively structures thoughts about the self and the
world determines how the individual feels and behaves.
-Dysfunctional thoughts are rooted in irrational assumptions.
-Dysfunctional thinking and learned patterns of maladaptive
behavior contribute to psychological problems.
-Individuals can learn more adaptive behaviors which can relieve
symptoms and improve quality of life.
-CBT is positive and stresses collaboration and active participation.
-CBT includes action plans in the form of therapy homework.
◉ What are the core principles of CBT? Answer: 1.) Thoughts,
Emotions, and Behaviors Are Connected:
Dysfunctional thoughts lead to emotional distress and maladaptive
behaviors.
2.) Cognitive Restructuring:
Identifying and challenging negative automatic thoughts and
cognitive distortions.
3.) Behavioral Activation:
Encourages engagement in positive activities to improve mood and
functioning.
,◉ How is CBT related to Peplau's Interpersonal Theory? Answer:
Focuses on the nurse-client relationship and communication,
aligning with CBT's collaborative and goal-oriented approach.
◉ How is CBT related to Orem's Self-Care Deficit Theory? Answer:
Promotes empowering clients to identify and correct maladaptive
thoughts, enhancing self-care and autonomy
◉ What is the role of the psychotherapist in CBT? Answer: -Help
clients recognize and reevaluate cognitive distortions and adapt new
skills
-help clients better understand the behaviors of others and develop
improved coping skills.
-clients learn to identify and change their thinking, emotions, and
behaviors to better cope with environmental challenges and
stressful situations
-psychoeducation is integral
-Homework is given
◉ Define cognitive distortions Answer: faulty, exaggerated, or
irrational thinking patterns that cause individuals to inaccurately
perceive reality
, ◉ In CBT describe Socratic dialogue as a technique for stabilization
Answer: Encourages the client to question automatic thoughts and
assumptions and explore alternative explanations
◉ In CBT describe de-catastrophizing as a technique for stabilization
Answer: Helps the client reframe worst-case scenarios and consider
more realistic outcomes.
examining the outcome the client considers to be the "worst
possible" and developing a plan of action to address that outcome to
decrease anxiety.
◉ Tell me about acceptance and Commitment Theory (ACT) Answer:
focus on a client's relationship to their thoughts and feelings rather
than on the content
The focus is learning how to relate to thoughts and feelings which
impact life rather than changing those thoughts and feelings.
focuses on acceptance of self by recognizing we are all humans with
flaws and committing to living one's personal values
◉ What does the "A" in ACT therapy represent? Answer: Accepting
reactions and being present
◉ What does the "C" in ACT therapy represent? Answer: Choosing a
valued direction
HEALTH ACROSS THE LIFESPAN WEEKS 5 8
REVIEW SHEET 2026 FULL ANSWERS
◉ Which nursing theorists have associations with CBT? Answer:
Orem
Roy
Parse
◉ What nursing theory did Orem develop? How does it relate to
CBT? Answer: self-care deficit nursing theory
provides a framework to view CBT as a supportive intervention that
fosters effective self-care behaviors
◉ What nursing theory did Roy develop? How does it relate to CBT?
Answer: Adaptation Theory, with its premise that individuals use
coping mechanisms to adapt to stimuli, both internal and external
◉ What diagnoses does CBT treat? Answer: depression, anxiety
disorders, substance use disorders, eating disorders, severe mental
illness, OCD, and PTSD
,◉ What are the key concepts of CBT? Answer: -The way an
individual cognitively structures thoughts about the self and the
world determines how the individual feels and behaves.
-Dysfunctional thoughts are rooted in irrational assumptions.
-Dysfunctional thinking and learned patterns of maladaptive
behavior contribute to psychological problems.
-Individuals can learn more adaptive behaviors which can relieve
symptoms and improve quality of life.
-CBT is positive and stresses collaboration and active participation.
-CBT includes action plans in the form of therapy homework.
◉ What are the core principles of CBT? Answer: 1.) Thoughts,
Emotions, and Behaviors Are Connected:
Dysfunctional thoughts lead to emotional distress and maladaptive
behaviors.
2.) Cognitive Restructuring:
Identifying and challenging negative automatic thoughts and
cognitive distortions.
3.) Behavioral Activation:
Encourages engagement in positive activities to improve mood and
functioning.
,◉ How is CBT related to Peplau's Interpersonal Theory? Answer:
Focuses on the nurse-client relationship and communication,
aligning with CBT's collaborative and goal-oriented approach.
◉ How is CBT related to Orem's Self-Care Deficit Theory? Answer:
Promotes empowering clients to identify and correct maladaptive
thoughts, enhancing self-care and autonomy
◉ What is the role of the psychotherapist in CBT? Answer: -Help
clients recognize and reevaluate cognitive distortions and adapt new
skills
-help clients better understand the behaviors of others and develop
improved coping skills.
-clients learn to identify and change their thinking, emotions, and
behaviors to better cope with environmental challenges and
stressful situations
-psychoeducation is integral
-Homework is given
◉ Define cognitive distortions Answer: faulty, exaggerated, or
irrational thinking patterns that cause individuals to inaccurately
perceive reality
, ◉ In CBT describe Socratic dialogue as a technique for stabilization
Answer: Encourages the client to question automatic thoughts and
assumptions and explore alternative explanations
◉ In CBT describe de-catastrophizing as a technique for stabilization
Answer: Helps the client reframe worst-case scenarios and consider
more realistic outcomes.
examining the outcome the client considers to be the "worst
possible" and developing a plan of action to address that outcome to
decrease anxiety.
◉ Tell me about acceptance and Commitment Theory (ACT) Answer:
focus on a client's relationship to their thoughts and feelings rather
than on the content
The focus is learning how to relate to thoughts and feelings which
impact life rather than changing those thoughts and feelings.
focuses on acceptance of self by recognizing we are all humans with
flaws and committing to living one's personal values
◉ What does the "A" in ACT therapy represent? Answer: Accepting
reactions and being present
◉ What does the "C" in ACT therapy represent? Answer: Choosing a
valued direction
