PHGY 216 MOD 4 EXAM QUESTIONS
& ANSWERS
what are the two major fluid compartments in the body - Correct Answers -ICF
ECF
ECF:
what are the two major components?
what are the two minor components? - Correct Answers -plasma
interstitial fluid
lymph
transcellular fluid
what separates the plasma (blood) and the interstitial fluid?
what can be exchanged? (2)
what cannot be exchanged?
what are the plasma and interstitial fluid compositions like?
what is the exception? - Correct Answers -blood vessel walls
water and solutes
proteins
identical
proteins
what separates the ICF and ECF?
do solutes pass through easily?
what are the ICF and ECF ion components like? - Correct Answers -plasma membrane
no
very different
what does increasing ECF increase?
what does this increase? - Correct Answers -plasma volume
blood pressure
what are the two short term mechanisms to regulate ECF volume? - Correct Answers -
baroreceptor reflex
fluid shifts
regulating ECF volume- baroreceptors 1:
what are baroreceptors?
,where are they found? (2)
what do they detect? - Correct Answers -mechanoreceptors
carotid artery
aortic arch
changes in arterial blood pressure
regulating ECF volume- baroreceptors 2:
through what does the baroreceptor reflex regulate blood pressure through?
what do baroreceptors increase when blood pressure is low?
what do baroreceptors decrease when blood pressure is high? - Correct Answers -ANS
(autonomic nervous system)
CO TPR (cardiac output, total peripheral resistnace)
^
regulating ECF volume:
what are the long term mechanisms to regulate ECF volume? - Correct Answers -fluid
input and output
regulating ECF volume:
what controls fluid input? - Correct Answers -thirst mechanism
regulating ECF volume:
what controls fluid output? - Correct Answers -urine production
what is osmolarity the measure of? - Correct Answers -concentration of a solute in
solution
what does osmolarity regulation prevent changes in? - Correct Answers -cell volume
when is a cell HYPERTONIC to its solution? - Correct Answers -concentration of solutes
is greater outside than in
when is a cell HYPOTONIC to its solution? - Correct Answers -concentration of solutes
is greater inside than out
what is hypertonicity caused by? (5) - Correct Answers -dehydration
diabetes (insipidus)
sweating
vomiting
diarrhea
what is hypotonicity caused by? (4) - Correct Answers -over hydration
renal failure
rapid water ingestion
over secretion of vasopressin
, why do hypertonic cells have reduced cellular functioning?
which part of the body is particularly sensitive to this? - Correct Answers -ICF decreases
brain
regulation of water balance within the body 1:
what do hypothalamic osmoreceptors monitor?
what do they counteract?
where are osmoreceptors found near? (2) - Correct Answers -osmolarity of the fluid
surrounding them
changes in water balance
vasopressin secreting cells
thirst centre
regulation of water balance within the body 2:
what is stimulated when osmolarity increases? (2) - Correct Answers -vasopressin
secretion
thirst
regulation of water balance within the body 3:
what does vasopressin act on the kidneys to increase when hypertonic?
what does thirst stimulate the intake of into the body?
through what?
when does this stop? - Correct Answers -water reabsorption
water
drinking
until balance is attained
regulation of water balance within the body 4:
what is not stimulated when the cell is hypotonic? (2)
what does this promote? - Correct Answers -vasopressin release
thirst
water loss
regulation of water balance within the body 5:
what impacts these pathways? - Correct Answers -large losses of ECF
regulation of water balance within the body 6:
what do left arterial volume receptors monitor?
where?
when are they activated? - Correct Answers -blood pressure
left atrium
blood pressure decreased by 7% or more
regulation of water balance within the body 7:
what do left arterial volume receptors signal the hypothalamus to do when activated? (2)
- Correct Answers -stimulate vasopressin release and thirst
& ANSWERS
what are the two major fluid compartments in the body - Correct Answers -ICF
ECF
ECF:
what are the two major components?
what are the two minor components? - Correct Answers -plasma
interstitial fluid
lymph
transcellular fluid
what separates the plasma (blood) and the interstitial fluid?
what can be exchanged? (2)
what cannot be exchanged?
what are the plasma and interstitial fluid compositions like?
what is the exception? - Correct Answers -blood vessel walls
water and solutes
proteins
identical
proteins
what separates the ICF and ECF?
do solutes pass through easily?
what are the ICF and ECF ion components like? - Correct Answers -plasma membrane
no
very different
what does increasing ECF increase?
what does this increase? - Correct Answers -plasma volume
blood pressure
what are the two short term mechanisms to regulate ECF volume? - Correct Answers -
baroreceptor reflex
fluid shifts
regulating ECF volume- baroreceptors 1:
what are baroreceptors?
,where are they found? (2)
what do they detect? - Correct Answers -mechanoreceptors
carotid artery
aortic arch
changes in arterial blood pressure
regulating ECF volume- baroreceptors 2:
through what does the baroreceptor reflex regulate blood pressure through?
what do baroreceptors increase when blood pressure is low?
what do baroreceptors decrease when blood pressure is high? - Correct Answers -ANS
(autonomic nervous system)
CO TPR (cardiac output, total peripheral resistnace)
^
regulating ECF volume:
what are the long term mechanisms to regulate ECF volume? - Correct Answers -fluid
input and output
regulating ECF volume:
what controls fluid input? - Correct Answers -thirst mechanism
regulating ECF volume:
what controls fluid output? - Correct Answers -urine production
what is osmolarity the measure of? - Correct Answers -concentration of a solute in
solution
what does osmolarity regulation prevent changes in? - Correct Answers -cell volume
when is a cell HYPERTONIC to its solution? - Correct Answers -concentration of solutes
is greater outside than in
when is a cell HYPOTONIC to its solution? - Correct Answers -concentration of solutes
is greater inside than out
what is hypertonicity caused by? (5) - Correct Answers -dehydration
diabetes (insipidus)
sweating
vomiting
diarrhea
what is hypotonicity caused by? (4) - Correct Answers -over hydration
renal failure
rapid water ingestion
over secretion of vasopressin
, why do hypertonic cells have reduced cellular functioning?
which part of the body is particularly sensitive to this? - Correct Answers -ICF decreases
brain
regulation of water balance within the body 1:
what do hypothalamic osmoreceptors monitor?
what do they counteract?
where are osmoreceptors found near? (2) - Correct Answers -osmolarity of the fluid
surrounding them
changes in water balance
vasopressin secreting cells
thirst centre
regulation of water balance within the body 2:
what is stimulated when osmolarity increases? (2) - Correct Answers -vasopressin
secretion
thirst
regulation of water balance within the body 3:
what does vasopressin act on the kidneys to increase when hypertonic?
what does thirst stimulate the intake of into the body?
through what?
when does this stop? - Correct Answers -water reabsorption
water
drinking
until balance is attained
regulation of water balance within the body 4:
what is not stimulated when the cell is hypotonic? (2)
what does this promote? - Correct Answers -vasopressin release
thirst
water loss
regulation of water balance within the body 5:
what impacts these pathways? - Correct Answers -large losses of ECF
regulation of water balance within the body 6:
what do left arterial volume receptors monitor?
where?
when are they activated? - Correct Answers -blood pressure
left atrium
blood pressure decreased by 7% or more
regulation of water balance within the body 7:
what do left arterial volume receptors signal the hypothalamus to do when activated? (2)
- Correct Answers -stimulate vasopressin release and thirst
