RELIAS – UPDATED 2026 FETAL HEART
MONITORING WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS PDF
uterine blood supply - answer-- uterine arteries deliver oxygenated blood to spiral arteries
which bring oxygen rich blood to intervillous space of placenta that has fetal capillaries
- fetal capillaries carry the O2 rich blood to umbilical VEIN that goes to fetus
-in contrast, the umbilical ARTERIES return waste products to that intervillous space that go
into mother's venous system
Potential issues that negatively affect fetal oxygenation - answer-*Maternal Oxygenation:*
asthma, hyper- or hypo- ventilation
*Maternal Circulation:* decreased maternal cardiac output, hypotension, decreased Hgb
*Placental O2 and CO2 Exchange:* postterm, abruption, HTN, hypotension, uterine
tachysystole
*Fetal circulation:* cord compression or occlusion
Fetal hypoxemia - answer-- can occur d/t reduced fetal O2 reserves, excessive uterine
activity, or reduced uteroplacental blood flow
- worsening fetal hypoxemia can lead to abnormal FHR patterns, mostly minimal or absent
variability from acidemia
(1) hypoxemia vs. (2) hypoxia - answer-1 - reduce O2 in blood
2 - reduced O2 delivery at tissue level
, Fetal anaerobic metabolism - answer-- occurs when long term O2 delivery is insufficient to
meet cellular needs of tissues
- results in production of lactic acid and other noncarbonic acids
- ACIDOSIS is the presence of excessive acids in tissues
acidosis - answer-pH below 7.35
pH is low
(acidosis is the process that leads to low blood pH, or acidemia)
alkalosis - answer-pH above 7.45
pH is high
buffers - answer-- help maintain acid base homeostasis
- 2 major fetal buffers are plasma bicarbonate and hgb
base excess and base deficit - answer-- base deficit is expressed as a positive number
- base excess is expressed as a negative number
~ they are equivalent and terms are used interchangeably ~
MONITORING WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS PDF
uterine blood supply - answer-- uterine arteries deliver oxygenated blood to spiral arteries
which bring oxygen rich blood to intervillous space of placenta that has fetal capillaries
- fetal capillaries carry the O2 rich blood to umbilical VEIN that goes to fetus
-in contrast, the umbilical ARTERIES return waste products to that intervillous space that go
into mother's venous system
Potential issues that negatively affect fetal oxygenation - answer-*Maternal Oxygenation:*
asthma, hyper- or hypo- ventilation
*Maternal Circulation:* decreased maternal cardiac output, hypotension, decreased Hgb
*Placental O2 and CO2 Exchange:* postterm, abruption, HTN, hypotension, uterine
tachysystole
*Fetal circulation:* cord compression or occlusion
Fetal hypoxemia - answer-- can occur d/t reduced fetal O2 reserves, excessive uterine
activity, or reduced uteroplacental blood flow
- worsening fetal hypoxemia can lead to abnormal FHR patterns, mostly minimal or absent
variability from acidemia
(1) hypoxemia vs. (2) hypoxia - answer-1 - reduce O2 in blood
2 - reduced O2 delivery at tissue level
, Fetal anaerobic metabolism - answer-- occurs when long term O2 delivery is insufficient to
meet cellular needs of tissues
- results in production of lactic acid and other noncarbonic acids
- ACIDOSIS is the presence of excessive acids in tissues
acidosis - answer-pH below 7.35
pH is low
(acidosis is the process that leads to low blood pH, or acidemia)
alkalosis - answer-pH above 7.45
pH is high
buffers - answer-- help maintain acid base homeostasis
- 2 major fetal buffers are plasma bicarbonate and hgb
base excess and base deficit - answer-- base deficit is expressed as a positive number
- base excess is expressed as a negative number
~ they are equivalent and terms are used interchangeably ~
