IMPACT OF REBELLIONS
The effects of rebellions on gov and society
Crown Servants
all dynastic rebellions failed
most of the protests against gov policies and ministers did a little better
Crown servants under attack: Morton, Bray, Wolsey, Cromwell, Audley, Rich,
Cranmer, William and Robert Cecil → all survived
Wolsey relation with Henry worsened after the Amicable Grant but remained in office
for another 4 years
men like Cromwell, Cranmer, Rich and Audley had not caused the pilgrimage of
grace and Henry ensured that they were rewarded for their part in defeating it
Cromwell remained Henry’s principal secretary and was granted monastic lands and
annuities from confiscated estates
When Cromwell fell 1540 - consequence of marriage to Anne of Cleves not rebellion
Cranmer continued to serve Henry as Archbishop of Canterbury
Rich rewarded with office of Chancellor of the Court of Augmentations
Audley stayed as Lord Chancellor
Duke of Somerset was the only minister to fall from office as a result of rebellion -
failed to repress it
Religious developments
Pilgrimage of Grace made Henry more determined to severe links with Roman
Catholic Church
participation of abbots and monks convinced him that their continued existence was a
security risk and led his to support Cromwell decision to dissolve large monasteries
Cromwell’s Injunctions of 1538 further confirmed the gov’s reformed stance in
respect of saints, pilgrimages and holy days
Henry’s endorsement of the Act of 6 articles - result of popular iconoclasm and the
conduct of overzealous protestants
Western rebellion - Cranmer proceeded to publish an even more Protestant book 3
years later
Mary went ahead with marriage to Phillip and stepped up her campaign against
heretics
Elizabeth nor intimidated by northern earls and the council introduced penal laws
against catholic recusants
no religious revolt achieved its goals
Policy changes
some cases
Yorkshire - Henry VII agreed not to collect tax and did not impose fine on rebels
Cornish - relieved of having to pay war tax in 1497
, Amicable Grant - none paid tax, no benevolence received and parliamentary subsidy
still had 2/4 of its instalments to be collected reassessed at more modest rates for fear
of reigniting taxpayer’s strike
When Henry collected benevolences in 1540s he targeted wealthier groups instead of
the poor
Henry’s reaction to pilgrimage of Grace
produced 2 positive changes for the rebels
Earls of Sussex and Derby successful in preventing rioting from unlawful enclosures
and excessive entry fines as they had examined landlord tenant relations in Kendale
no further disturbances occurred in this region in the 1540s when much of the country
was experiencing social and economic difficulties
Statute of Uses of 1536 reappealed in 1540 when a new statute of wills allowed
testators the right to distribute 2/3s of their property without incurring the payment of
feudal taxes to the crown.
Edwardian concessions
arrest and imprisonment of Somerset by privy councillors
legislation passed in November 1549 when new regime tried to prevent further
disturbances → Act for the punishment of unlawful assemblies and rising of King’s
subjects declared it treason if 12 or more people gathered to alter existing laws or
tried to kill or imprison any privy councillor or refused to disperse within 1 hour
declared felony if 12 or more people attempted to destroy enclosures, parks, barns or
grain stores and refused to disperse
treason if 40 or more people gathered for more than 2 hours
to improve quality of civil defence in counties that had proved ineffective in recent
times, LLs were given control of shire levies
although further disturbances occurred 1550-1552 there was not a repetition of the
year of commotion (1549)
JPs more vigilant, privy councillors and LLs acted decisively and run of good harvests
lowered food prices and reduced social tension
Social and Economic reforms
Edwardian gov measured to help poor → Subsidy and Vagrancy Acts repealed and
Enclosure Act passed that restricted landlords’ manorial rights over the commons and
wasteland of less than 3 acres. This protected rural peasants from future enclosers of
woods and marginal land.
Further acts fixed grain prices, prohibited exports and maintained arable land
Elizabethan council → bishops ordered to give sermons that advertised the good work
the gov was doing in helping the poor, wealthier subjects remined that they had a
Christian duty to organised special charity collections.
In 1597, the council prosecuted 7 leading Oxfordshire landowners who had enclosed
local common and wasteland.
2 acts passed to alleviate social distress → act against decaying of towns and houses
of husbandry, act of maintenance of husbandry and tillage
The effects of rebellions on gov and society
Crown Servants
all dynastic rebellions failed
most of the protests against gov policies and ministers did a little better
Crown servants under attack: Morton, Bray, Wolsey, Cromwell, Audley, Rich,
Cranmer, William and Robert Cecil → all survived
Wolsey relation with Henry worsened after the Amicable Grant but remained in office
for another 4 years
men like Cromwell, Cranmer, Rich and Audley had not caused the pilgrimage of
grace and Henry ensured that they were rewarded for their part in defeating it
Cromwell remained Henry’s principal secretary and was granted monastic lands and
annuities from confiscated estates
When Cromwell fell 1540 - consequence of marriage to Anne of Cleves not rebellion
Cranmer continued to serve Henry as Archbishop of Canterbury
Rich rewarded with office of Chancellor of the Court of Augmentations
Audley stayed as Lord Chancellor
Duke of Somerset was the only minister to fall from office as a result of rebellion -
failed to repress it
Religious developments
Pilgrimage of Grace made Henry more determined to severe links with Roman
Catholic Church
participation of abbots and monks convinced him that their continued existence was a
security risk and led his to support Cromwell decision to dissolve large monasteries
Cromwell’s Injunctions of 1538 further confirmed the gov’s reformed stance in
respect of saints, pilgrimages and holy days
Henry’s endorsement of the Act of 6 articles - result of popular iconoclasm and the
conduct of overzealous protestants
Western rebellion - Cranmer proceeded to publish an even more Protestant book 3
years later
Mary went ahead with marriage to Phillip and stepped up her campaign against
heretics
Elizabeth nor intimidated by northern earls and the council introduced penal laws
against catholic recusants
no religious revolt achieved its goals
Policy changes
some cases
Yorkshire - Henry VII agreed not to collect tax and did not impose fine on rebels
Cornish - relieved of having to pay war tax in 1497
, Amicable Grant - none paid tax, no benevolence received and parliamentary subsidy
still had 2/4 of its instalments to be collected reassessed at more modest rates for fear
of reigniting taxpayer’s strike
When Henry collected benevolences in 1540s he targeted wealthier groups instead of
the poor
Henry’s reaction to pilgrimage of Grace
produced 2 positive changes for the rebels
Earls of Sussex and Derby successful in preventing rioting from unlawful enclosures
and excessive entry fines as they had examined landlord tenant relations in Kendale
no further disturbances occurred in this region in the 1540s when much of the country
was experiencing social and economic difficulties
Statute of Uses of 1536 reappealed in 1540 when a new statute of wills allowed
testators the right to distribute 2/3s of their property without incurring the payment of
feudal taxes to the crown.
Edwardian concessions
arrest and imprisonment of Somerset by privy councillors
legislation passed in November 1549 when new regime tried to prevent further
disturbances → Act for the punishment of unlawful assemblies and rising of King’s
subjects declared it treason if 12 or more people gathered to alter existing laws or
tried to kill or imprison any privy councillor or refused to disperse within 1 hour
declared felony if 12 or more people attempted to destroy enclosures, parks, barns or
grain stores and refused to disperse
treason if 40 or more people gathered for more than 2 hours
to improve quality of civil defence in counties that had proved ineffective in recent
times, LLs were given control of shire levies
although further disturbances occurred 1550-1552 there was not a repetition of the
year of commotion (1549)
JPs more vigilant, privy councillors and LLs acted decisively and run of good harvests
lowered food prices and reduced social tension
Social and Economic reforms
Edwardian gov measured to help poor → Subsidy and Vagrancy Acts repealed and
Enclosure Act passed that restricted landlords’ manorial rights over the commons and
wasteland of less than 3 acres. This protected rural peasants from future enclosers of
woods and marginal land.
Further acts fixed grain prices, prohibited exports and maintained arable land
Elizabethan council → bishops ordered to give sermons that advertised the good work
the gov was doing in helping the poor, wealthier subjects remined that they had a
Christian duty to organised special charity collections.
In 1597, the council prosecuted 7 leading Oxfordshire landowners who had enclosed
local common and wasteland.
2 acts passed to alleviate social distress → act against decaying of towns and houses
of husbandry, act of maintenance of husbandry and tillage
