Sclerenchyma is a specific type of cell in plants. It functions to hold the plant upright
and is often located near the outside of the stems. What kind of tissue is this?
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Ground
Double fertilization
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2 sperm travel from the pollen grain down the pollen tube (style) into the
ovule and fertilizes the polar nuclei and the egg to make the endosperm
(3n) and zygote (2n)
,Process of water through xylem
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As molecules go into gaseous phase, meniscus steepens, reduces number
of H-bonds between the water molecules, and pull themselves up through
cohesive forces.
Angiosperm Reproduction
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"hidden seed" ovule encased in a sporophyll called a carpel. Pollen
delivered to carpel tissue
thicker/deep roots
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anchor, transport water and nutrients from fine roots and store
carbohydrates can be many metters deep
Mass Flow
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, Driven by pressure gradient, large distances, (xylem)
Why is movement to land beneficial?
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Less competition
C4 pathway
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1. PEPC fixes CO2 to form 4-C organic acid in mesophyll cell.
2. organic acid into bundle sheath
3. in bundle sheath, acid releases co2 which is fixed by RuBisCo
**Requires energy
Pre-adaptations of Charophytes
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Fresh Water, Life cycle that allows dispersal by wind - using spores, spores
covered in sporopollenin, can associate with mycorrhizal fungi
What determines the direction of water movement in osmosis?
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water potential
Carotenes
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Orange
Fix CO2 with PEPC?
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C4 and CAM
Bryophytes
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Liverworts, Mosses, Hornworts - All are very short, live in moist
understories of forests, gametophyte dominant, sporophyte dependant
Eudicots
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and is often located near the outside of the stems. What kind of tissue is this?
Give this one a try later!
Ground
Double fertilization
Give this one a try later!
2 sperm travel from the pollen grain down the pollen tube (style) into the
ovule and fertilizes the polar nuclei and the egg to make the endosperm
(3n) and zygote (2n)
,Process of water through xylem
Give this one a try later!
As molecules go into gaseous phase, meniscus steepens, reduces number
of H-bonds between the water molecules, and pull themselves up through
cohesive forces.
Angiosperm Reproduction
Give this one a try later!
"hidden seed" ovule encased in a sporophyll called a carpel. Pollen
delivered to carpel tissue
thicker/deep roots
Give this one a try later!
anchor, transport water and nutrients from fine roots and store
carbohydrates can be many metters deep
Mass Flow
Give this one a try later!
, Driven by pressure gradient, large distances, (xylem)
Why is movement to land beneficial?
Give this one a try later!
Less competition
C4 pathway
Give this one a try later!
1. PEPC fixes CO2 to form 4-C organic acid in mesophyll cell.
2. organic acid into bundle sheath
3. in bundle sheath, acid releases co2 which is fixed by RuBisCo
**Requires energy
Pre-adaptations of Charophytes
Give this one a try later!
Fresh Water, Life cycle that allows dispersal by wind - using spores, spores
covered in sporopollenin, can associate with mycorrhizal fungi
What determines the direction of water movement in osmosis?
, Give this one a try later!
water potential
Carotenes
Give this one a try later!
Orange
Fix CO2 with PEPC?
Give this one a try later!
C4 and CAM
Bryophytes
Give this one a try later!
Liverworts, Mosses, Hornworts - All are very short, live in moist
understories of forests, gametophyte dominant, sporophyte dependant
Eudicots
Give this one a try later!
