NSG 3850 Exam 3 Galen College Of
Nursing Actual Exam Questions And
Answers Practice Questions with
Solutions Newest | Already Graded A+.
**Question 1:** Nephrotic syndrome does **NOT** usually cause
which of the following?
a. Hyperlipidemia
b. Proteinuria
c. Hematuria
d. Generalized edema
**Answer:** c. Hematuria
**Rationale:** Nephrotic syndrome is characterized by **increased
glomerular permeability** (damage to podocytes) leading to massive
**proteinuria**, hypoalbuminemia, edema, and hyperlipidemia.
**Hematuria** (blood in urine) is characteristic of **Nephritic**
syndrome, not Nephrotic .
**Question 2:** When a patient asks, "What causes my urine to be so
full of protein?" the nurse responds based on the knowledge that:
a. His glomeruli have been damaged by his own immune system.
b. The glomerular membrane has increased permeability.
c. His liver is extremely active in synthesizing protein.
,d. His renal tubules are full of cellular debris.
**Answer:** b. The glomerular membrane has increased permeability.
**Rationale:** The direct pathophysiologic mechanism of nephrotic
syndrome is **increased permeability of the glomerular membrane**
(specifically podocyte damage), allowing large molecules like albumin
to pass into the urine .
**Question 3:** Why does hyperlipidemia occur in nephrotic
syndrome?
a. Hepatocytes synthesize excessive lipids.
b. Lipids are not excreted in the urine.
c. Body fats are catabolized.
d. Muscles stop burning triglycerides.
**Answer:** a. Hepatocytes synthesize excessive lipids.
**Rationale:** The liver compensates for the loss of protein
(hypoalbuminemia) by increasing protein synthesis, which secondarily
increases lipoprotein production, leading to hyperlipidemia .
**Question 4:** The major underlying factor leading to edema in
glomerulonephritis and nephrotic syndrome is:
a. Hematuria
b. Proteinuria
c. Bacteriuria
d. Glycosuria
,**Answer:** b. Proteinuria
**Rationale:** Proteinuria leads to **hypoalbuminemia**. Decreased
plasma albumin reduces plasma oncotic pressure, causing fluid to shift
from the intravascular space to the interstitial tissues (edema) .
**Question 5:** The pathophysiologic basis of acute
glomerulonephritis is:
a. Renal ischemia
b. Bacterial invasion of the glomerulus
c. An anaphylactic reaction
d. An immune complex reaction
**Answer:** d. An immune complex reaction
**Rationale:** Acute glomerulonephritis is an immune-mediated
disorder. Antigen-antibody complexes deposit in the glomerular
basement membrane, triggering inflammation (complement activation)
that damages the glomeruli .
**Question 6:** The infection most frequently associated with post-
infectious acute glomerulonephritis is:
a. Pneumonia
b. Throat infection
c. Endocarditis
d. UTI
**Answer:** b. Throat infection
, **Rationale:** Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis typically follows
a Group A beta-hemolytic **streptococcal infection of the pharynx**
(strep throat) or skin (impetigo) .
**Question 7:** A patient is diagnosed with acute glomerulonephritis.
Which urinalysis finding is classic for this condition?
a. White blood cell casts
b. Fatty casts
c. Red blood cell casts
d. Crystalluria
**Answer:** c. Red blood cell casts
**Rationale:** **RBC casts** are the hallmark of glomerulonephritis.
They indicate bleeding originating from the glomerulus. WBC casts
indicate pyelonephritis or interstitial nephritis .
**Question 8:** A patient with glomerulonephritis presents with
oliguria and "smoky" or "coffee-colored" urine. This appearance is due
to the presence of:
a. Pus
b. Bile
c. Hemoglobin
d. Red blood cells
**Answer:** d. Red blood cells
Nursing Actual Exam Questions And
Answers Practice Questions with
Solutions Newest | Already Graded A+.
**Question 1:** Nephrotic syndrome does **NOT** usually cause
which of the following?
a. Hyperlipidemia
b. Proteinuria
c. Hematuria
d. Generalized edema
**Answer:** c. Hematuria
**Rationale:** Nephrotic syndrome is characterized by **increased
glomerular permeability** (damage to podocytes) leading to massive
**proteinuria**, hypoalbuminemia, edema, and hyperlipidemia.
**Hematuria** (blood in urine) is characteristic of **Nephritic**
syndrome, not Nephrotic .
**Question 2:** When a patient asks, "What causes my urine to be so
full of protein?" the nurse responds based on the knowledge that:
a. His glomeruli have been damaged by his own immune system.
b. The glomerular membrane has increased permeability.
c. His liver is extremely active in synthesizing protein.
,d. His renal tubules are full of cellular debris.
**Answer:** b. The glomerular membrane has increased permeability.
**Rationale:** The direct pathophysiologic mechanism of nephrotic
syndrome is **increased permeability of the glomerular membrane**
(specifically podocyte damage), allowing large molecules like albumin
to pass into the urine .
**Question 3:** Why does hyperlipidemia occur in nephrotic
syndrome?
a. Hepatocytes synthesize excessive lipids.
b. Lipids are not excreted in the urine.
c. Body fats are catabolized.
d. Muscles stop burning triglycerides.
**Answer:** a. Hepatocytes synthesize excessive lipids.
**Rationale:** The liver compensates for the loss of protein
(hypoalbuminemia) by increasing protein synthesis, which secondarily
increases lipoprotein production, leading to hyperlipidemia .
**Question 4:** The major underlying factor leading to edema in
glomerulonephritis and nephrotic syndrome is:
a. Hematuria
b. Proteinuria
c. Bacteriuria
d. Glycosuria
,**Answer:** b. Proteinuria
**Rationale:** Proteinuria leads to **hypoalbuminemia**. Decreased
plasma albumin reduces plasma oncotic pressure, causing fluid to shift
from the intravascular space to the interstitial tissues (edema) .
**Question 5:** The pathophysiologic basis of acute
glomerulonephritis is:
a. Renal ischemia
b. Bacterial invasion of the glomerulus
c. An anaphylactic reaction
d. An immune complex reaction
**Answer:** d. An immune complex reaction
**Rationale:** Acute glomerulonephritis is an immune-mediated
disorder. Antigen-antibody complexes deposit in the glomerular
basement membrane, triggering inflammation (complement activation)
that damages the glomeruli .
**Question 6:** The infection most frequently associated with post-
infectious acute glomerulonephritis is:
a. Pneumonia
b. Throat infection
c. Endocarditis
d. UTI
**Answer:** b. Throat infection
, **Rationale:** Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis typically follows
a Group A beta-hemolytic **streptococcal infection of the pharynx**
(strep throat) or skin (impetigo) .
**Question 7:** A patient is diagnosed with acute glomerulonephritis.
Which urinalysis finding is classic for this condition?
a. White blood cell casts
b. Fatty casts
c. Red blood cell casts
d. Crystalluria
**Answer:** c. Red blood cell casts
**Rationale:** **RBC casts** are the hallmark of glomerulonephritis.
They indicate bleeding originating from the glomerulus. WBC casts
indicate pyelonephritis or interstitial nephritis .
**Question 8:** A patient with glomerulonephritis presents with
oliguria and "smoky" or "coffee-colored" urine. This appearance is due
to the presence of:
a. Pus
b. Bile
c. Hemoglobin
d. Red blood cells
**Answer:** d. Red blood cells
