ICVA NAVLE Exam 1 APPROVED QUESTIONS WITH WELL
ELABORATED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (100%
CORRECT VERIFIED SOLUTIONS) LATEST UPDATED
VERSION EDITION |GUARANTEED PASS A+ (BRAND
NEW!) |FULL REVISED 2026-2027
A 3-year old Percheron mare is undergoing routine dental evaluation.
Physical examination shows bilateral prolapse of the nictitating membrane and
muscle fasciculations of the neck, shoulders, and flank. During
examination, the mare's hindlimbs give way, and she leans back in a dog-
sitting posture. Rectal temperature is 100.4 degrees F (38.0 degrees C), heart
rate is 60 beats/min, and respiratory rate is 30 breaths/min.
This is a case of HYPP, why would Equine Motor Neuron Disease be incorrect
EMND is a neurodegeneratie disorder and is associated with vitamin E deficiency
-EMND causes muscle atrophy and weakness, primarily affecting posture
and gait over time. However it does not typically cause acute episodes of
weakness with fasciculation and prolapse of the third eyelid like HYPP does.
EMND is also more chronic in its progression, not episodic.
,A 3-year old Percheron mare is undergoing routine dental evaluation.
Physical examination shows bilateral prolapse of the nictitating membrane and
muscle fasciculations of the neck, shoulders, and flank. During
examination, the mare's hindlimbs give way, and she leans back in a dog-
sitting posture. Rectal temperature is 100.4 degrees F (38.0 degrees C), heart
rate is 60 beats/min, and respiratory rate is 30 breaths/min.
This is a case of HYPP, why would Exertional Rhabdomyolysis be incorrect
ER is a condition where muscle damage occurs after exercise, resulting in
muscle stiffness, pain and potentially dark urine due to myoglobin release.
-While muscle fasciculations and hind limb weakness could suggest muscle
damage, ER is typically associated with exercise induced pain and stiffness
rather than sudden collapse. Additionally, prolapse of nictitating
membranes is not a feature of ER
,A 3-year old Percheron mare is undergoing routine dental evaluation.
Physical examination shows bilateral prolapse of the nictitating membrane and
muscle fasciculations of the neck, shoulders, and flank. During
examination, the mare's hindlimbs give way, and she leans back in a dog-
sitting posture. Rectal temperature is 100.4 degrees F (38.0 degrees C), heart
rate is 60 beats/min, and respiratory rate is 30 breaths/min.
This is a case of HYPP, why would Tetanus be incorrect
_Tetanus is caused by neurotoxin produced by Clostridium tetani leading to rigid
paralysis, muscle spasms and an exaggerated response to stimuli
-Tetanus causes rigid muscle contraction and spasms rather than muscle
weakness seen in this case. Prolapse of the nictitating membrane can be
seen in tetanus, but the muscle fasciculations and collapse described are ore
consistent with HYPP than the rigid paralysis of tetanus
, A 6 year old male cocker spaniel dog has recurrent otitis externa.
Microscopic examination of a smear of purulent discharge from the ear shows
large numbers of rod shaped bacteria. Which of the following is the most likely
causative organism?
A) escheria coli
b) klebsiella spp
c) pasteurella multocida
d) pseudomonas aeruginosa
e) staphylococcus intermedius
d) pseudomonas aeruginosa
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium
commonly associated with recurrent and chronic otitis externa in dogs,
especially when standard treatment fails. It is known for its resistance to
many antibiotics and its ability to form biofilms, making infections persistent and
difficult to treat.
Clinical Relevance: Pseudomonas is often found in moist environments, which
makes the ear canal, especially in breeds prone to ear infections like Cocker
Spaniels, a suitable environment for the bacteria to thrive. The
presence of large numbers of rod-shaped bacteria in purulent discharge
strongly suggests Pseudomonas.
ELABORATED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (100%
CORRECT VERIFIED SOLUTIONS) LATEST UPDATED
VERSION EDITION |GUARANTEED PASS A+ (BRAND
NEW!) |FULL REVISED 2026-2027
A 3-year old Percheron mare is undergoing routine dental evaluation.
Physical examination shows bilateral prolapse of the nictitating membrane and
muscle fasciculations of the neck, shoulders, and flank. During
examination, the mare's hindlimbs give way, and she leans back in a dog-
sitting posture. Rectal temperature is 100.4 degrees F (38.0 degrees C), heart
rate is 60 beats/min, and respiratory rate is 30 breaths/min.
This is a case of HYPP, why would Equine Motor Neuron Disease be incorrect
EMND is a neurodegeneratie disorder and is associated with vitamin E deficiency
-EMND causes muscle atrophy and weakness, primarily affecting posture
and gait over time. However it does not typically cause acute episodes of
weakness with fasciculation and prolapse of the third eyelid like HYPP does.
EMND is also more chronic in its progression, not episodic.
,A 3-year old Percheron mare is undergoing routine dental evaluation.
Physical examination shows bilateral prolapse of the nictitating membrane and
muscle fasciculations of the neck, shoulders, and flank. During
examination, the mare's hindlimbs give way, and she leans back in a dog-
sitting posture. Rectal temperature is 100.4 degrees F (38.0 degrees C), heart
rate is 60 beats/min, and respiratory rate is 30 breaths/min.
This is a case of HYPP, why would Exertional Rhabdomyolysis be incorrect
ER is a condition where muscle damage occurs after exercise, resulting in
muscle stiffness, pain and potentially dark urine due to myoglobin release.
-While muscle fasciculations and hind limb weakness could suggest muscle
damage, ER is typically associated with exercise induced pain and stiffness
rather than sudden collapse. Additionally, prolapse of nictitating
membranes is not a feature of ER
,A 3-year old Percheron mare is undergoing routine dental evaluation.
Physical examination shows bilateral prolapse of the nictitating membrane and
muscle fasciculations of the neck, shoulders, and flank. During
examination, the mare's hindlimbs give way, and she leans back in a dog-
sitting posture. Rectal temperature is 100.4 degrees F (38.0 degrees C), heart
rate is 60 beats/min, and respiratory rate is 30 breaths/min.
This is a case of HYPP, why would Tetanus be incorrect
_Tetanus is caused by neurotoxin produced by Clostridium tetani leading to rigid
paralysis, muscle spasms and an exaggerated response to stimuli
-Tetanus causes rigid muscle contraction and spasms rather than muscle
weakness seen in this case. Prolapse of the nictitating membrane can be
seen in tetanus, but the muscle fasciculations and collapse described are ore
consistent with HYPP than the rigid paralysis of tetanus
, A 6 year old male cocker spaniel dog has recurrent otitis externa.
Microscopic examination of a smear of purulent discharge from the ear shows
large numbers of rod shaped bacteria. Which of the following is the most likely
causative organism?
A) escheria coli
b) klebsiella spp
c) pasteurella multocida
d) pseudomonas aeruginosa
e) staphylococcus intermedius
d) pseudomonas aeruginosa
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium
commonly associated with recurrent and chronic otitis externa in dogs,
especially when standard treatment fails. It is known for its resistance to
many antibiotics and its ability to form biofilms, making infections persistent and
difficult to treat.
Clinical Relevance: Pseudomonas is often found in moist environments, which
makes the ear canal, especially in breeds prone to ear infections like Cocker
Spaniels, a suitable environment for the bacteria to thrive. The
presence of large numbers of rod-shaped bacteria in purulent discharge
strongly suggests Pseudomonas.
