Statistics - ANSWER encompass the mathematical field that allows us to organize, sum-
marize, describe, and interpret different forms of information
data (singular datum) - ANSWER mathematical formulas and calculations to understand
both small and large sets of information
Name 3 reasons why statistics are important. - ANSWER 1. Allows data to be described
and communicated succinctly and concisely
2. allow us to draw inferences about data, particularly when it is not feasible to collect infor-
mation from all members of a certain group
3. equips us with the necessary tools to make everyday decisions
What are variables? - ANSWER Measurable characteristics that vary, or change, over time
or across people. can be divided into two categories.
what are the two categories variables can be divided into? - ANSWER Qualitative and
quantitative
Qualitative - ANSWER (categorical)
- non numerical
-discrete
-use labels or categories
-example: religion, ethnicity, eye color
Quantitative - ANSWER -measured in numeric terms
1
, -divided further: discrete or continuous
-examples: weight, height, heart rate, and test scores
discrete - ANSWER -organized by whole numbers
-Discrete variables are those that can only hold discrete values that can be obtained by
counting. An example would be the number of restaurants in a particular town
continuous - ANSWER -Continuous variables can theoretically be broken down into infi-
nitely smaller, fractional components
-Examples of continuous variables include temperature, length, time, and speed.
experiment - ANSWER a specific research methodology aimed at examining cause-effect
relationships
experimental studies - ANSWER studies in which the independent variables are directly
manipulated and the effects on the dependent variable are examined
what are the important variables in experimental studies? - ANSWER independent varia-
bles, dependent variables, control variables, extraneous or confounding variables
independent variables - ANSWER the variable manipulated by researchers to observe the
dependent variable
dependent variables - ANSWER the variable measured for observation
extraneous or confounding variable - ANSWER any variables that could unintentionally
affect the dependent variable
- not always problematic as long as the all affect each other equally
2
marize, describe, and interpret different forms of information
data (singular datum) - ANSWER mathematical formulas and calculations to understand
both small and large sets of information
Name 3 reasons why statistics are important. - ANSWER 1. Allows data to be described
and communicated succinctly and concisely
2. allow us to draw inferences about data, particularly when it is not feasible to collect infor-
mation from all members of a certain group
3. equips us with the necessary tools to make everyday decisions
What are variables? - ANSWER Measurable characteristics that vary, or change, over time
or across people. can be divided into two categories.
what are the two categories variables can be divided into? - ANSWER Qualitative and
quantitative
Qualitative - ANSWER (categorical)
- non numerical
-discrete
-use labels or categories
-example: religion, ethnicity, eye color
Quantitative - ANSWER -measured in numeric terms
1
, -divided further: discrete or continuous
-examples: weight, height, heart rate, and test scores
discrete - ANSWER -organized by whole numbers
-Discrete variables are those that can only hold discrete values that can be obtained by
counting. An example would be the number of restaurants in a particular town
continuous - ANSWER -Continuous variables can theoretically be broken down into infi-
nitely smaller, fractional components
-Examples of continuous variables include temperature, length, time, and speed.
experiment - ANSWER a specific research methodology aimed at examining cause-effect
relationships
experimental studies - ANSWER studies in which the independent variables are directly
manipulated and the effects on the dependent variable are examined
what are the important variables in experimental studies? - ANSWER independent varia-
bles, dependent variables, control variables, extraneous or confounding variables
independent variables - ANSWER the variable manipulated by researchers to observe the
dependent variable
dependent variables - ANSWER the variable measured for observation
extraneous or confounding variable - ANSWER any variables that could unintentionally
affect the dependent variable
- not always problematic as long as the all affect each other equally
2
