2026 | Certified EKG
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Updated 2026 Questions and Answers
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, What is the Epicardium layer of the heart? It is the outer layer of the heart wall that consist of connective tissue this forms the
pericardial sac.
What is the pericardial sac of the heart? It is a protective layer containing fluid allowing the heart to function without
friction.
What are the structures that forms the heart valves? 1. Leaflet (flaps)
2. Chordae Tendineae
3. Papillary Muscles
What is the function of the heart? Controls the direction of the blood flow though the heart, thus preventing flowing
backwards (regurgitation) of blood.
What are the names of the four valves of the heart? 1. Tricuspid Valve
2. Pulmonary Valve
3. Mitral Valve
4. Aortic Valve
Synchronized valve closure preventing blood from flowing backwards.
What are the names of the Atrioventricular Valves? 1. Tricuspid Valves (right side)
2. Mitral Valves (left side)
What are the names of the semilunar Valves? 1. Pulmonary Valve (Right side)
2. Aortic Valve (Left side)
State the Right sided blood flow in order? 1. Superior and Inferior Vena Cava
2. Right Atrium
3. Tricuspid Valve
4. Right Ventricle
5. Pulmonary Valves
6. Pulmonary Artery
7. Lungs
State the Left sided blood flow in order? 1. Lungs
2. Right and Left Pulmonary Veins
3. Left Atrium
4. Mitral Valve
5. Left Ventricles
6. Aortic Valve
7. Aorta