Statistics of Behavioral
Sciences Final Review (JG)
2026 | Study Guide &
Practice Questions
|Graded A+ | Guaranteed
success|
Updated 2026 Questions and Answers
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Rationales
Included
, Random Sampling Each member of the population has an equal chance of being included in each
level
Sampling Error The naturally occurring discrepancy, or error, that exists between a sample
statistic and the corresponding population parameter
*Increase sample size
*Keep variability in each population relatively small
Statistics Numerical values that are based on data from the sample
*Symbols are letters from the English alphabet
Parameters Numerical values that are based on the data from an entire population
*Symbols for parameters are letters from the Greek alphabet
Independent Variable (X): The variable that is changed or manipulated by the researcher, or the variable
we believe causes a change in the other variable
Dependent Variable (Y): The variable being observed or measured to assess the effect of the
treatment
Y in Regression analyses (Y): The variable that is being predicted in Regression analyses
Predictor Variable (x in regression analyses) (X): The variable from which predictions are made in Regression analyses
Nominal Measurement Using numbers and labels to categorize observations, but do not make any
quantitative distinctions between observations.
Example: Type of phobia
Ordinal Measurement Categories that are organized in an ordered sequence (size or magnitude).
Example: Class standing
Interval Measurement Ordered categories that have equal differences between numbers-but with an
arbitrary zero point.
Example: Temperature in F*
Ratio Measurement An interval scale with an absolute zero point.
Example: Annual income in dollars.
Between-Subjects Design Values of the independent variable are split up between participants
Within-Subjects Design Participants receive all levels of the independent variables
Sciences Final Review (JG)
2026 | Study Guide &
Practice Questions
|Graded A+ | Guaranteed
success|
Updated 2026 Questions and Answers
100% Verified Exam Prep and Comprehensive
Rationales
Included
, Random Sampling Each member of the population has an equal chance of being included in each
level
Sampling Error The naturally occurring discrepancy, or error, that exists between a sample
statistic and the corresponding population parameter
*Increase sample size
*Keep variability in each population relatively small
Statistics Numerical values that are based on data from the sample
*Symbols are letters from the English alphabet
Parameters Numerical values that are based on the data from an entire population
*Symbols for parameters are letters from the Greek alphabet
Independent Variable (X): The variable that is changed or manipulated by the researcher, or the variable
we believe causes a change in the other variable
Dependent Variable (Y): The variable being observed or measured to assess the effect of the
treatment
Y in Regression analyses (Y): The variable that is being predicted in Regression analyses
Predictor Variable (x in regression analyses) (X): The variable from which predictions are made in Regression analyses
Nominal Measurement Using numbers and labels to categorize observations, but do not make any
quantitative distinctions between observations.
Example: Type of phobia
Ordinal Measurement Categories that are organized in an ordered sequence (size or magnitude).
Example: Class standing
Interval Measurement Ordered categories that have equal differences between numbers-but with an
arbitrary zero point.
Example: Temperature in F*
Ratio Measurement An interval scale with an absolute zero point.
Example: Annual income in dollars.
Between-Subjects Design Values of the independent variable are split up between participants
Within-Subjects Design Participants receive all levels of the independent variables
