Introduction to Statistics
2026 | Study Guide,
Concepts & Questions
|Graded A+ | Guaranteed
success|
Updated 2026 Questions and Answers
100% Verified Exam Prep and Comprehensive
Rationales
Included
, Purpose of statistics Making decisions with incomplete data
Data A record of an observation or an event such as a test score, grade in a class, or
response time, one!
Data Set A collection of observations or events such as test scores, grades on a test, or
response times
Descriptive statistics Used to organize and describe the characteristics of a collection of data;
measures of central tendency (CT) and measures of variability
Inferential statistics Used to make generalizations from a smaller group of subjects (a sample to a
larger group of subjects (a population); won't have access to the entire population
Population A group of people that have at least one characteristic in common (All Aggies)
Sample A subset of a population (Certain subset of Aggies)
Statistic A summarized value of a sample (Avg. Age of Aggies)
Parameter A summarized value of a population (avg. age of the entire population of aggies)
Variables A characteristic (of a person, place, or thing) that takes on different values
(Achievement, attitude, knowledge, etc)
Types of variables Quantitative (Numerical) and Qualitative (Categorical
Quantitative Variable Represent differing amounts of the characteristic (Age, intelligence, or run time,
etc.)
Qualitative Variable Represent differing kinds rather than amounts (Gender, marital status, or breed of
dog, etc.)
Continuous Variables Variables that can take on any value (number of free throws made, GRE score, or
number of students in class)
Discrete Variables Variables that can take of a finite number of values (marital status, gender, or a
year in school)
Dichotomous variable either male or female
Univariate Data When a study involved studying only one variable (Speed)
Bivariate Data When a study involves studying two variables simultaneously (Strength and
throwing distance)
Purpose four levels of measurement Help the research determine what types of statistical analyses are appropriate for
a given set of data
2026 | Study Guide,
Concepts & Questions
|Graded A+ | Guaranteed
success|
Updated 2026 Questions and Answers
100% Verified Exam Prep and Comprehensive
Rationales
Included
, Purpose of statistics Making decisions with incomplete data
Data A record of an observation or an event such as a test score, grade in a class, or
response time, one!
Data Set A collection of observations or events such as test scores, grades on a test, or
response times
Descriptive statistics Used to organize and describe the characteristics of a collection of data;
measures of central tendency (CT) and measures of variability
Inferential statistics Used to make generalizations from a smaller group of subjects (a sample to a
larger group of subjects (a population); won't have access to the entire population
Population A group of people that have at least one characteristic in common (All Aggies)
Sample A subset of a population (Certain subset of Aggies)
Statistic A summarized value of a sample (Avg. Age of Aggies)
Parameter A summarized value of a population (avg. age of the entire population of aggies)
Variables A characteristic (of a person, place, or thing) that takes on different values
(Achievement, attitude, knowledge, etc)
Types of variables Quantitative (Numerical) and Qualitative (Categorical
Quantitative Variable Represent differing amounts of the characteristic (Age, intelligence, or run time,
etc.)
Qualitative Variable Represent differing kinds rather than amounts (Gender, marital status, or breed of
dog, etc.)
Continuous Variables Variables that can take on any value (number of free throws made, GRE score, or
number of students in class)
Discrete Variables Variables that can take of a finite number of values (marital status, gender, or a
year in school)
Dichotomous variable either male or female
Univariate Data When a study involved studying only one variable (Speed)
Bivariate Data When a study involves studying two variables simultaneously (Strength and
throwing distance)
Purpose four levels of measurement Help the research determine what types of statistical analyses are appropriate for
a given set of data
