NSG 5140 FINAL EXAM (SOUTH COLLEGE) NEWEST
2026 ACTUAL EXAM| NSG5140 ADVANCED
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM REVIEW WITH
COMPLETE 200 REAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS/ ALREADY GRADED
A+ (MOST RECENT!!)
What causes sickle cell disease? - ANSWER - Autosomal recessive
mutation in HBB gene â†' HbS, sickled RBCs.
Symptoms of sickle cell disease? - ANSWER - Vaso-occlusive pain
crises, anemia, dactylitis, jaundice, risk of stroke/infections.
Treatment for sickle cell disease? - ANSWER - Hydroxyurea, pain
control, transfusions, folic acid, stem cell transplant.
Types of thyroid disease? - ANSWER - Hypothyroidism
(Hashimoto’s), Hyperthyroidism (Graves’).
Symptoms of hypothyroidism? - ANSWER - Fatigue, weight gain, cold
intolerance.
Symptoms of hyperthyroidism? - ANSWER - Weight loss, heat
intolerance, anxiety, tremor.
pg. 1
,Treatment for hypothyroidism? - ANSWER - Levothyroxine.
Treatment for hyperthyroidism? - ANSWER - Antithyroids, radioiodine,
surgery.
Common eye disorders? - ANSWER - Cataracts, glaucoma, macular
degeneration, diabetic retinopathy.
Symptoms of eye disorders? - ANSWER - Vision changes, pain, halos,
floaters, blurred vision.
Treatment for eye disorders? - ANSWER - Depends on
conditionâ€"surgery, medications, laser, corrective lenses.
Types of GI disorders? - ANSWER - Crohn’s, Ulcerative Colitis,
IBS, obstruction.
Types of dizziness? - ANSWER - Peripheral vertigo (inner ear), Central
vertigo (CNS).
When to vaccinate transplant recipients? - ANSWER - Pre-transplant
ideally; post-transplant (3â€"6 months) only inactivated vaccines.
pg. 2
,What are common cancers and treatments? - ANSWER - Breast, lung,
bone, endometrialâ€"treated with surgery, chemo, radiation, targeted
therapy.
What are plasma protein mediator systems? - ANSWER - Complement,
coagulation, kinin systems.
Symptoms of dehydration? - ANSWER - Thirst, dry mouth, decreased
urine, dizziness, tachycardia.
Treatment for dehydration? - ANSWER - Oral rehydration or IV fluids
and electrolytes.
Symptoms of Cushing’s syndrome? - ANSWER - Moon face,
buffalo hump, central obesity, skin thinning, hypertension.
Treatment for Cushing’s syndrome? - ANSWER - Surgical removal
of tumor, taper steroids, adrenal enzyme inhibitors.
Causes of PAD? - ANSWER - Atherosclerosis causing decreased blood
flow in legs.
Symptoms of PAD? - ANSWER - Claudication, decreased pulses, ulcers,
cold extremities.
pg. 3
, Treatment for PAD? - ANSWER - Smoking cessation, exercise,
antiplatelet meds, statins, revascularization.
Types of anemia? - ANSWER - Iron-deficiency, megaloblastic,
hemolytic, anemia of chronic disease.
What is active cellular membrane exchange? - ANSWER - Active
transport using ATP to move ions (e.g., Naâº/K⺠ATPase).
Types of dementia? - ANSWER - Alzheimer’s, vascular, Lewy
Body, frontotemporal.
Types of headaches? - ANSWER - Migraine, tension, cluster.
What is made using canola plant genome? - ANSWER - Canola oil and
meal for animal feed.
Normal lipid values? - ANSWER - Total cholesterol <200 mg/dL, LDL
<100â€"160, HDL 40â€"60, triglycerides <150.
Types of birthmarks? - ANSWER - Vascular (hemangiomas), pigmented
(café-au-lait spots).
pg. 4
2026 ACTUAL EXAM| NSG5140 ADVANCED
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM REVIEW WITH
COMPLETE 200 REAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS/ ALREADY GRADED
A+ (MOST RECENT!!)
What causes sickle cell disease? - ANSWER - Autosomal recessive
mutation in HBB gene â†' HbS, sickled RBCs.
Symptoms of sickle cell disease? - ANSWER - Vaso-occlusive pain
crises, anemia, dactylitis, jaundice, risk of stroke/infections.
Treatment for sickle cell disease? - ANSWER - Hydroxyurea, pain
control, transfusions, folic acid, stem cell transplant.
Types of thyroid disease? - ANSWER - Hypothyroidism
(Hashimoto’s), Hyperthyroidism (Graves’).
Symptoms of hypothyroidism? - ANSWER - Fatigue, weight gain, cold
intolerance.
Symptoms of hyperthyroidism? - ANSWER - Weight loss, heat
intolerance, anxiety, tremor.
pg. 1
,Treatment for hypothyroidism? - ANSWER - Levothyroxine.
Treatment for hyperthyroidism? - ANSWER - Antithyroids, radioiodine,
surgery.
Common eye disorders? - ANSWER - Cataracts, glaucoma, macular
degeneration, diabetic retinopathy.
Symptoms of eye disorders? - ANSWER - Vision changes, pain, halos,
floaters, blurred vision.
Treatment for eye disorders? - ANSWER - Depends on
conditionâ€"surgery, medications, laser, corrective lenses.
Types of GI disorders? - ANSWER - Crohn’s, Ulcerative Colitis,
IBS, obstruction.
Types of dizziness? - ANSWER - Peripheral vertigo (inner ear), Central
vertigo (CNS).
When to vaccinate transplant recipients? - ANSWER - Pre-transplant
ideally; post-transplant (3â€"6 months) only inactivated vaccines.
pg. 2
,What are common cancers and treatments? - ANSWER - Breast, lung,
bone, endometrialâ€"treated with surgery, chemo, radiation, targeted
therapy.
What are plasma protein mediator systems? - ANSWER - Complement,
coagulation, kinin systems.
Symptoms of dehydration? - ANSWER - Thirst, dry mouth, decreased
urine, dizziness, tachycardia.
Treatment for dehydration? - ANSWER - Oral rehydration or IV fluids
and electrolytes.
Symptoms of Cushing’s syndrome? - ANSWER - Moon face,
buffalo hump, central obesity, skin thinning, hypertension.
Treatment for Cushing’s syndrome? - ANSWER - Surgical removal
of tumor, taper steroids, adrenal enzyme inhibitors.
Causes of PAD? - ANSWER - Atherosclerosis causing decreased blood
flow in legs.
Symptoms of PAD? - ANSWER - Claudication, decreased pulses, ulcers,
cold extremities.
pg. 3
, Treatment for PAD? - ANSWER - Smoking cessation, exercise,
antiplatelet meds, statins, revascularization.
Types of anemia? - ANSWER - Iron-deficiency, megaloblastic,
hemolytic, anemia of chronic disease.
What is active cellular membrane exchange? - ANSWER - Active
transport using ATP to move ions (e.g., Naâº/K⺠ATPase).
Types of dementia? - ANSWER - Alzheimer’s, vascular, Lewy
Body, frontotemporal.
Types of headaches? - ANSWER - Migraine, tension, cluster.
What is made using canola plant genome? - ANSWER - Canola oil and
meal for animal feed.
Normal lipid values? - ANSWER - Total cholesterol <200 mg/dL, LDL
<100â€"160, HDL 40â€"60, triglycerides <150.
Types of birthmarks? - ANSWER - Vascular (hemangiomas), pigmented
(café-au-lait spots).
pg. 4
