PORTH-S_PATHOPHYSIOLOGY_CERTIFICATION_SCRIPT_20

PORTH'S PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
CERTIFICATION SCRIPT 2026 COMPLETE
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS



◉Types of Parasites. Answer: 1) Protozoas
2) Helminths
3) Arthropods


◉Protozoa. Answer: - unicellular, eukaryotic
- sexual or asexual reproduction
- several maturation stages requiring more than one host
- most = saprophytes
- shed in feces of infected host


◉Some diseases caused by Protozoa. Answer: malaria, amebic
dysentery, giardiasis


◉Transmission of Protozoa. Answer: indirectly or directly from host
to host
- sexual contact

, - contaminated water or food
- anthropod vector


◉Trophozoites. Answer: when cysts reach intestine - matured into
vegetative forms that are capable of asexual reproduction; motile by
flagella, cilia, or ameboid motion


◉Helminths. Answer: wormlike parasites that sexually reproduce
within host (some require intermediate host)


◉Transmission of Helminths. Answer: ingestion of fertilized eggs
(ova) or penetration of larva into skin


◉Types of Helminths. Answer: 1) cestodes - tapeworms
2) nematodes - roundworms
2) trematodes - flukes


◉vector. Answer: any agent that carries and transmits an infectious
pathogen to another living organism


◉Arthropods. Answer: vectors of infectious disease [ectoparasites]


◉Types of Arthropods. Answer: ticks, mosquitos, biting fleas