BIOS252
Exam 3 Review Guide
Anatomy and Physiology 2
(Chamberlain University)
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, BIOS252 EXAM 3 REVIEW
The Senses
• Sensory versus perception – for perception to happen, the sensory signal must reach the
cerebrum
• Adaptation – the ability to no longer perceive sensations due to prolonged exposure
• Sensory receptors/Nerve endings: categorized based on distribution, location, and type
o Free Nerve Endings: pain, temperature changes, tickle, itch
o Encapsulated Nerve Endings: touch, pressure, vibration
o Special Sensory Cells: used to create special sensory reception
• Classification based on location
o Exteroceptors: sensations from outside the body
o Interoceptors: sensations from inside the body
o Proprioreceptors: where your body is in space and time
• Classification by type
o Mechanoreceptors: stretch (touch, pressure, vibrations, stretch, proprioception)
o Osmoreceptors: osmolarity
o Thermoreceptors: temperature
o Chemoreceptors: chemicals
o Photoreceptors: light
o Nociceptors: pain; fast (acute – sharp stabbing) and slow (chronic – dull achey)
pain receptors
• Referred pain
o Know the most common sites for referred pain discussed in edapt
Tactile receptors
• Combined are touch, pressure, vibration, itch, and tickle
o Free nerve endings – tactile (itch, tickle) and non-tactile (temperature change,
pain)
▪ Root hair plexuses – sense movement on skin by movement of hair
o Corpuscles for touch
▪ Meissner’s corpuscle – light touch, low frequency vibration
o Type I Cutaneous Mechanoreceptors
▪ Merkel cells – pressure
o Type II Cutaneous Mechanoreceptors
▪ Ruffini’s corpuscle – light and deep pressure (baroreceptors)
o Lamellated Corpuscles
▪ Pacinian corpuscle – vibration
o Complex Tactile Sensations
▪ Combination of the previous nerve endings – gives surfaces textures
messages.downloaded_by
Exam 3 Review Guide
Anatomy and Physiology 2
(Chamberlain University)
messages.downloaded_by
, BIOS252 EXAM 3 REVIEW
The Senses
• Sensory versus perception – for perception to happen, the sensory signal must reach the
cerebrum
• Adaptation – the ability to no longer perceive sensations due to prolonged exposure
• Sensory receptors/Nerve endings: categorized based on distribution, location, and type
o Free Nerve Endings: pain, temperature changes, tickle, itch
o Encapsulated Nerve Endings: touch, pressure, vibration
o Special Sensory Cells: used to create special sensory reception
• Classification based on location
o Exteroceptors: sensations from outside the body
o Interoceptors: sensations from inside the body
o Proprioreceptors: where your body is in space and time
• Classification by type
o Mechanoreceptors: stretch (touch, pressure, vibrations, stretch, proprioception)
o Osmoreceptors: osmolarity
o Thermoreceptors: temperature
o Chemoreceptors: chemicals
o Photoreceptors: light
o Nociceptors: pain; fast (acute – sharp stabbing) and slow (chronic – dull achey)
pain receptors
• Referred pain
o Know the most common sites for referred pain discussed in edapt
Tactile receptors
• Combined are touch, pressure, vibration, itch, and tickle
o Free nerve endings – tactile (itch, tickle) and non-tactile (temperature change,
pain)
▪ Root hair plexuses – sense movement on skin by movement of hair
o Corpuscles for touch
▪ Meissner’s corpuscle – light touch, low frequency vibration
o Type I Cutaneous Mechanoreceptors
▪ Merkel cells – pressure
o Type II Cutaneous Mechanoreceptors
▪ Ruffini’s corpuscle – light and deep pressure (baroreceptors)
o Lamellated Corpuscles
▪ Pacinian corpuscle – vibration
o Complex Tactile Sensations
▪ Combination of the previous nerve endings – gives surfaces textures
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