PRSA APR STUDY SHEET 2026 COMPLETE
QUESTIONS GUARANTEED PREP
⩥ Representative sample. Answer: Number needed to be representative
of the universe. Any universe that is 100,000 or more requires a sample
of 384
⩥ 10-K. Answer: Annual Report must file 60 days after close of
companies fiscal year
⩥ 10-Q. Answer: Quarterly financial Report containing unaudited data-
filed 35 days after close of first three fiscal quarters
⩥ 95% Confidence level. Answer: If the same survey were given
repeatedly 95% of the time the results would be the same, falling within
the same margin of error
⩥ 8-K. Answer: information that needs to be public documented through
the SEC-a news release can be qualified. Can triggered by a reporter
questions for information that has not been issued publicly. Publically
traded organization and/or regulated. Mnemonic: "kant" wait-
information
,⩥ Margin of error. Answer: The range, plus or minus, within which
results can vary (the larger the sample the lower the margin of error)
⩥ Proxy Statement (Form Def 14A). Answer: invitation or agenda at for
shareholders to advertise the annual meeting. Can cover-proposals for
new board members, directors or executives' salaries, bonus and option
plans for directors, and declarations by company management.
⩥ Benchmark Survey. Answer: Survey that is taken of a large target
audience prior to a campaign. Research after campaign can be measured
against this
⩥ Cluster Sample. Answer: People who are grouped or clustered by
something they have in common
⩥ Content analysis. Answer: Study of publications, print and electronic
media reports to measure and evaluate news coverage of an
organization, its people or activities. Attempt to objectively code and
describe the content of communication.
⩥ Depth interviews. Answer: One-on-one interviews with key
respondents
⩥ Focus group. Answer: Informal give-and-take sessions in a controlled
environment with a small group of people.(Qualitative)
, ⩥ Formal methods. Answer: Research that includes the systematic
gathering of scientifically measurable data from representative. samples.
Mail survey, telephone survey (Quantitative)
⩥ Informal methods. Answer: Exploratory research that is not gathered
from scientifically represented samples (focus groups, key influencers,
letters/complaints received
⩥ Regulation Fair Disclosure (2000). Answer: all publicly traded
companies disclose material information to all investors at the same time
(at all levels)
⩥ Insider Trading Study (1963). Answer: Encourages timely disclosure
of "material information"
⩥ Rule 5c (Security Act of 1933). Answer: Gag period-registration of
securities and led to embargo of publicity materials during a specific
timeframe (90 days from registration becomes effective) Think-high 5
for keeping your mouth shut ;)
⩥ Sarbanes Oxley (2002). Answer: Corporate auditing accountability,
responsibility, and transparency. mandated a number of reforms to
enhance corporate responsibility, enhance financial disclosures and
combat corporate and accounting fraud, and created the "Public
Company Accounting Oversight Board," to oversee the activities of the
QUESTIONS GUARANTEED PREP
⩥ Representative sample. Answer: Number needed to be representative
of the universe. Any universe that is 100,000 or more requires a sample
of 384
⩥ 10-K. Answer: Annual Report must file 60 days after close of
companies fiscal year
⩥ 10-Q. Answer: Quarterly financial Report containing unaudited data-
filed 35 days after close of first three fiscal quarters
⩥ 95% Confidence level. Answer: If the same survey were given
repeatedly 95% of the time the results would be the same, falling within
the same margin of error
⩥ 8-K. Answer: information that needs to be public documented through
the SEC-a news release can be qualified. Can triggered by a reporter
questions for information that has not been issued publicly. Publically
traded organization and/or regulated. Mnemonic: "kant" wait-
information
,⩥ Margin of error. Answer: The range, plus or minus, within which
results can vary (the larger the sample the lower the margin of error)
⩥ Proxy Statement (Form Def 14A). Answer: invitation or agenda at for
shareholders to advertise the annual meeting. Can cover-proposals for
new board members, directors or executives' salaries, bonus and option
plans for directors, and declarations by company management.
⩥ Benchmark Survey. Answer: Survey that is taken of a large target
audience prior to a campaign. Research after campaign can be measured
against this
⩥ Cluster Sample. Answer: People who are grouped or clustered by
something they have in common
⩥ Content analysis. Answer: Study of publications, print and electronic
media reports to measure and evaluate news coverage of an
organization, its people or activities. Attempt to objectively code and
describe the content of communication.
⩥ Depth interviews. Answer: One-on-one interviews with key
respondents
⩥ Focus group. Answer: Informal give-and-take sessions in a controlled
environment with a small group of people.(Qualitative)
, ⩥ Formal methods. Answer: Research that includes the systematic
gathering of scientifically measurable data from representative. samples.
Mail survey, telephone survey (Quantitative)
⩥ Informal methods. Answer: Exploratory research that is not gathered
from scientifically represented samples (focus groups, key influencers,
letters/complaints received
⩥ Regulation Fair Disclosure (2000). Answer: all publicly traded
companies disclose material information to all investors at the same time
(at all levels)
⩥ Insider Trading Study (1963). Answer: Encourages timely disclosure
of "material information"
⩥ Rule 5c (Security Act of 1933). Answer: Gag period-registration of
securities and led to embargo of publicity materials during a specific
timeframe (90 days from registration becomes effective) Think-high 5
for keeping your mouth shut ;)
⩥ Sarbanes Oxley (2002). Answer: Corporate auditing accountability,
responsibility, and transparency. mandated a number of reforms to
enhance corporate responsibility, enhance financial disclosures and
combat corporate and accounting fraud, and created the "Public
Company Accounting Oversight Board," to oversee the activities of the
