Exam 2 – Fundamentals (NR 226) – Nursing Leadership & Management Practice Questions and
Study Guide
pH normal range - ANS ✔✔7.35-7.45
causes of respiratory acidosis - ANS ✔✔COPD, asthma, bronchitis, barbiturate or sedative
overdose, acute airway obstruction, weakness of the respiratory muscles
nursing interventions for respiratory acidosis - ANS ✔✔place semi-Fowler's position, maintain
patent airway, turn cough, and deep breathe, administer fluids to help liquefy, administer low
oxygen, monitor ABG
causes of respiratory alkalosis - ANS ✔✔hyperventilation and mechanical overventilation, panic
attack, anxiety, encephalitis
nursing interventions for respiratory alkalosis - ANS ✔✔encourage breathing into a paper bag or
voluntary breath holding
causes of metabolic acidosis - ANS ✔✔diabetic ketoacidosis, dehydration, diarrhea, renal
tubular
nursing interventions for metabolic acidosis - ANS ✔✔administer sodium bicarb as ordered,
monitor for signs of hyperkalemia, measure intake and output, monitor ABG
causes of metabolic alkalosis - ANS ✔✔nausea & vomiting, after chemotherapy, NG tube
nursing interventions for metabolic alkalosis - ANS ✔✔replace fluid and electrolyte losses
(potassium chloride), measure intake and output, monitor for hypokalemia, monitor ABG
, pH = 7.31, PCO2 = 49, HCO3 = 24 - ANS ✔✔respiratory acidosis
pH = 7.5, PCO2 = 37, HCO3 = 29 - ANS ✔✔metabolic alkalosis
pH = 7.6, PCO2 = 21, HCO3 = 22 - ANS ✔✔respiratory alkalosis
pH = 7.15, PCO2 = 44, HCO3 = 19 - ANS ✔✔metabolic acidosis
pH = 7.45, PCO2 = 36, HCO3 = 25 - ANS ✔✔normal
pH = 7.47, PCO2 = 26, HCO3 = 20 - ANS ✔✔respiratory alkalosis
pH = 7.34, PCO2 = 30, HCO3 = 20 - ANS ✔✔metabolic acidosis with partial compensation
pH = 7.23, PCO2 = 61, HCO3 = 40 - ANS ✔✔respiratory acidosis with partial compensation
arterial blood gas - ANS ✔✔pH A 7.35 7.45 B
lungs - ANS ✔✔PCO2 B 35 45 A
kidney - ANS ✔✔HCO3 A 22 26 B
main causes of electrolytes imbalance - ANS ✔✔changes in diet, GI malfunction, renal
problems, medications, procedures or an entire disease process (all of these can cause either
hypo or hyper in elecctrolytes)
normal sodium (Na) levels - ANS ✔✔136-145 mEq/L
Study Guide
pH normal range - ANS ✔✔7.35-7.45
causes of respiratory acidosis - ANS ✔✔COPD, asthma, bronchitis, barbiturate or sedative
overdose, acute airway obstruction, weakness of the respiratory muscles
nursing interventions for respiratory acidosis - ANS ✔✔place semi-Fowler's position, maintain
patent airway, turn cough, and deep breathe, administer fluids to help liquefy, administer low
oxygen, monitor ABG
causes of respiratory alkalosis - ANS ✔✔hyperventilation and mechanical overventilation, panic
attack, anxiety, encephalitis
nursing interventions for respiratory alkalosis - ANS ✔✔encourage breathing into a paper bag or
voluntary breath holding
causes of metabolic acidosis - ANS ✔✔diabetic ketoacidosis, dehydration, diarrhea, renal
tubular
nursing interventions for metabolic acidosis - ANS ✔✔administer sodium bicarb as ordered,
monitor for signs of hyperkalemia, measure intake and output, monitor ABG
causes of metabolic alkalosis - ANS ✔✔nausea & vomiting, after chemotherapy, NG tube
nursing interventions for metabolic alkalosis - ANS ✔✔replace fluid and electrolyte losses
(potassium chloride), measure intake and output, monitor for hypokalemia, monitor ABG
, pH = 7.31, PCO2 = 49, HCO3 = 24 - ANS ✔✔respiratory acidosis
pH = 7.5, PCO2 = 37, HCO3 = 29 - ANS ✔✔metabolic alkalosis
pH = 7.6, PCO2 = 21, HCO3 = 22 - ANS ✔✔respiratory alkalosis
pH = 7.15, PCO2 = 44, HCO3 = 19 - ANS ✔✔metabolic acidosis
pH = 7.45, PCO2 = 36, HCO3 = 25 - ANS ✔✔normal
pH = 7.47, PCO2 = 26, HCO3 = 20 - ANS ✔✔respiratory alkalosis
pH = 7.34, PCO2 = 30, HCO3 = 20 - ANS ✔✔metabolic acidosis with partial compensation
pH = 7.23, PCO2 = 61, HCO3 = 40 - ANS ✔✔respiratory acidosis with partial compensation
arterial blood gas - ANS ✔✔pH A 7.35 7.45 B
lungs - ANS ✔✔PCO2 B 35 45 A
kidney - ANS ✔✔HCO3 A 22 26 B
main causes of electrolytes imbalance - ANS ✔✔changes in diet, GI malfunction, renal
problems, medications, procedures or an entire disease process (all of these can cause either
hypo or hyper in elecctrolytes)
normal sodium (Na) levels - ANS ✔✔136-145 mEq/L
