Midterm Review: High-Yield
Study Set for Exam Prep with
Verified Key Points
CHAPTER 1:
ANATOMY - ANSWER ✔✔The study of the STRUCTURE of the body
PHYSIOLOGY - ANSWER ✔✔The study of the FUNCTION of the
body - Greek "relationship to nature"
PATHOLOGY - ANSWER ✔✔The study of Disease
LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION - ANSWER
✔✔Atom>Molecules>Cells>Tissues>Organs>Systems>Organisms
,CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE - ANSWER ✔✔METABOLISM - living
organisms use oxygen to release the energy stored in food (oxidative
metabolism)
RESPONSIVENESS - living organisms respond to their environment
HOMEOSTASIS - living organisms remain within certain limits
ORGANIZATION - living organisms have varying degrees of
organization (layers, tissues, organs)
REPRODUCTION - living things have the ability to produce
GROWTH - living organisms will grow
Name the five (5) BODY CAVITIES - ANSWER ✔✔TWO MAIN
CAVITIES - DORSAL & VENTAL
DORSAL:
Cranial cavity
Spinal cavity
VENTRAL:
Thoracic cavity
Abdominal cavity
Pelvic cavity
,PLANES OF THE BODY - ANSWER ✔✔FRONTAL (coronal) plane -
divides the body into anterior and posterior sections
SAGITTAL plane - divides the body into left and right sections
TRANSVERSE (horizontal) plane - dives the body into superior and
interior sections
Describe the ANATOMICAL POSITION and know the directional terms -
ANSWER ✔✔ANATOMICAL POSITION:
Body is upright
Standing erect
Head level, eyes forward chin level
Arms at sides, palms forward (thumbs lateral)
Feet flat, directed forward, shoulder width apart
Directional terms - describe body directions - ANSWER
✔✔SUPERIOR - a part above another part
Directional terms - describe body directions - ANSWER
✔✔INFERIOR - a part is below another part
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, Directional terms - describe body directions - ANSWER
✔✔ANTERIOR (ventral) - means towards the front
Directional terms - describe body directions - ANSWER
✔✔POSTERIOR (dorsal) - means towards the back
Directional terms - describe body directions - ANSWER ✔✔MEDIAL -
an imaginary midline dividing the body intoequal right and left halves
Directional terms - describe body directions - ANSWER ✔✔LATERAL
- towards the side, away from midline (ears are lateral to the yes)
Directional terms - describe body directions - ANSWER
✔✔PROXIMAL - a part closer to a point of attachment to the trunk than
another body part (elbow is proximal to the wrist)
Directional terms - describe body directions - ANSWER ✔✔DISTAL -
is the opposite of proximal. It means a particular body part is farther from
a point of attachment to the trunk. (the fingers are distal to the wrist)
Directional terms - describe body directions - ANSWER ✔✔CRANIAL
(cephalic) and CAUDAL - Tail side
Directional terms - describe body directions - ANSWER ✔✔PRONE -
Lying face down