Biology
Bio mean life and Logy mean study
Definition
The study of living organisms is called Biology
Or
The science of life and living organisms is called Biology.
➢ Biology is divided into several specific fields that
cover their morphology, physiology, anatomy, behavior,
origin and distribution.
➢ An organism is a living entity containing of one cell
e.g. bacteria
➢ An organism is a living entity containing of several
cells e.g. animals, plants and fungi.
2. What is life?
Life is form from various chemical combination like
carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, and
phosphorus.
These form the nucleic acids, proteins, carbohydrates,
and lipids that are the fundamental components of
living
matter.
3. Characteristics of life include:
1. Living organisms are responsiveness to the
environment (nerve impulses).
2. They grow and change their body size and shape
(cell division).
3. The have the ability to reproduce and increase their
population (reproduction).
4. They are performing the function of metabolism
and respiration (metabolisms).
,5. They have ability to maintain homeostasis
(excretion and Absorption).
6. They are made from cells.
7. There traits pass to offspring.
4. Main Branches of Biology
Some branches of biology are below:
1. Botany: The study of Plants and their features.
2. Zoology: The study of animals and their futures.
3. Microbiology: The study of Microorganisms and
their features.
4. Taxonomy: It is the science of identification,
nomenclature and classification of organisms.
5. Morphology: It is the study of external form, size,
shape, color, structure and relative position of several
living organ of living organisms.
6. Anatomy: It is the study of internal structure.
7. Histology: It is the study of tissue organization and
structure.
8. Cytology: It is the study of form and structure of
cells containing the behavior of nucleus and other
organelles.
9. Cell Biology: It is the study of morphological,
organizational, biochemical, physiological, genetic,
developmental, pathological and evolutionary features
of cell and its components.
10. Molecular Biology: It is the study of the nature of
physicochemical organization, synthesis working and
interaction of bio-molecules.
11. Physiology: It is the study of different types of body
functions and procedures.
,12. Embryology: It is the study of fertilization, growth,
division and distinction of the zygote into embryo.
13. Ecology: It is the study of living organisms is relative
to other organism and their environment.
14. Genetics: It is the study of inheritance of characters
or heredity and variations.
15. Evolution: It is the study of the origin of life as well
as new types of organism from the previous ones by
modifications involving genetic changes and
adaptations.
16. Paleontology: It deals with the study of fossils or
remains and impressions of past organisms.
17. Virology: It is the study of viruses and all their
aspects.
5. Linkage of Biology with Other Field Of Study
Biology constitutes the relation with every aspect of
human and every sciences. The study of biology needs
experiences of almost all the branches of science
including chemistry, physics, sociology, geology,
climatology
etc.
The linkage of biology and other sciences are mentioned
below:
5.1. Biochemistry
Biological processes of living organisms depend upon
the interactions of the atoms, molecules and
compounds
that make up living tissues and the environment in
which life takes place e.g. Photosynthesis, Respiration
and
Digestion.
, 5.2. Biophysics
Biophysics studies life at every level, from atoms and
molecules to cells, organisms and environments e.g.
photosynthesis. Physics used in Physiology,
Bioenergetics,
Neurosciences, Pharmacology etc.
5.3. Biogeography
It is the study of the distribution of species and
ecosystems
in geographic space and through geological time.
Organisms and biological societies often vary in a regular
fashion along geographic gradients of latitude,
elevation,
isolation and habitat area e.g. polar bears live in arctic
region.
5.4. Biostatistics
The study of biology focuses on living organisms,
statistical analyses provide vital awareness into
numerous
biological procedures. Basic statistical ideas help
biologists properly formulate experiments, confirm
conclusions
and correctly interpret results.
5.6. Bio-economics
Bio-economics is an advanced branch of social science
that seeks to assimilate the disciplines of economics and
biology for the sole determination of creating theories
that do a better job of explaining economic events using
a
biological basis and vice versa.
6. Careers in Biology
Bio mean life and Logy mean study
Definition
The study of living organisms is called Biology
Or
The science of life and living organisms is called Biology.
➢ Biology is divided into several specific fields that
cover their morphology, physiology, anatomy, behavior,
origin and distribution.
➢ An organism is a living entity containing of one cell
e.g. bacteria
➢ An organism is a living entity containing of several
cells e.g. animals, plants and fungi.
2. What is life?
Life is form from various chemical combination like
carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, and
phosphorus.
These form the nucleic acids, proteins, carbohydrates,
and lipids that are the fundamental components of
living
matter.
3. Characteristics of life include:
1. Living organisms are responsiveness to the
environment (nerve impulses).
2. They grow and change their body size and shape
(cell division).
3. The have the ability to reproduce and increase their
population (reproduction).
4. They are performing the function of metabolism
and respiration (metabolisms).
,5. They have ability to maintain homeostasis
(excretion and Absorption).
6. They are made from cells.
7. There traits pass to offspring.
4. Main Branches of Biology
Some branches of biology are below:
1. Botany: The study of Plants and their features.
2. Zoology: The study of animals and their futures.
3. Microbiology: The study of Microorganisms and
their features.
4. Taxonomy: It is the science of identification,
nomenclature and classification of organisms.
5. Morphology: It is the study of external form, size,
shape, color, structure and relative position of several
living organ of living organisms.
6. Anatomy: It is the study of internal structure.
7. Histology: It is the study of tissue organization and
structure.
8. Cytology: It is the study of form and structure of
cells containing the behavior of nucleus and other
organelles.
9. Cell Biology: It is the study of morphological,
organizational, biochemical, physiological, genetic,
developmental, pathological and evolutionary features
of cell and its components.
10. Molecular Biology: It is the study of the nature of
physicochemical organization, synthesis working and
interaction of bio-molecules.
11. Physiology: It is the study of different types of body
functions and procedures.
,12. Embryology: It is the study of fertilization, growth,
division and distinction of the zygote into embryo.
13. Ecology: It is the study of living organisms is relative
to other organism and their environment.
14. Genetics: It is the study of inheritance of characters
or heredity and variations.
15. Evolution: It is the study of the origin of life as well
as new types of organism from the previous ones by
modifications involving genetic changes and
adaptations.
16. Paleontology: It deals with the study of fossils or
remains and impressions of past organisms.
17. Virology: It is the study of viruses and all their
aspects.
5. Linkage of Biology with Other Field Of Study
Biology constitutes the relation with every aspect of
human and every sciences. The study of biology needs
experiences of almost all the branches of science
including chemistry, physics, sociology, geology,
climatology
etc.
The linkage of biology and other sciences are mentioned
below:
5.1. Biochemistry
Biological processes of living organisms depend upon
the interactions of the atoms, molecules and
compounds
that make up living tissues and the environment in
which life takes place e.g. Photosynthesis, Respiration
and
Digestion.
, 5.2. Biophysics
Biophysics studies life at every level, from atoms and
molecules to cells, organisms and environments e.g.
photosynthesis. Physics used in Physiology,
Bioenergetics,
Neurosciences, Pharmacology etc.
5.3. Biogeography
It is the study of the distribution of species and
ecosystems
in geographic space and through geological time.
Organisms and biological societies often vary in a regular
fashion along geographic gradients of latitude,
elevation,
isolation and habitat area e.g. polar bears live in arctic
region.
5.4. Biostatistics
The study of biology focuses on living organisms,
statistical analyses provide vital awareness into
numerous
biological procedures. Basic statistical ideas help
biologists properly formulate experiments, confirm
conclusions
and correctly interpret results.
5.6. Bio-economics
Bio-economics is an advanced branch of social science
that seeks to assimilate the disciplines of economics and
biology for the sole determination of creating theories
that do a better job of explaining economic events using
a
biological basis and vice versa.
6. Careers in Biology
