FINAL EXAM NUR2513 CERTIFICATION TEST
2026 COMPREHENSIVE STUDY GUIDE
◉ Acceptance. Answer: encouraging and receiving information
◉ Interpretation. Answer: putting into words what the patient is
feeling or implying
◉ Validation/clarifying. Answer: clarifying the nurse's
understanding of the situation
◉ Restatement/summarizing. Answer: repeating the main idea
expressed by the patient
◉ Observation. Answer: stating what the nurse is observing
◉ Open-ended statements. Answer: introducing an idea
◉ Reflection/redirection. Answer: redirecting the idea back to the
patient
◉ Silence. Answer: remaining intentionally silent
,◉ Sharing. Answer: observations, empathy, hope, humor
◉ Techniques that inhibit communication. Answer: - advice
- agreement
- challenges
- reassurance
- disapproval
◉ Advice. Answer: telling a patient what to do
◉ Agreement. Answer: agreeing with a particular viewpoint of a
patient
◉ Challenges. Answer: disputing the patient's beliefs with
arguments, logical thinking, or direct order
◉ Reassurance. Answer: telling a patient that everything will be ok
◉ Disapproval. Answer: judging the patient's situation and behavior
,◉ Nursing process: pre-interaction. Answer: occurs before meeting
client
◉ Nursing process: orientation. Answer: getting to know each other
◉ Nursing process: working. Answer: solving problems and
accomplishing goals
◉ Nursing process: termination. Answer: planning for the future
◉ ISBARR. Answer: - identification: identify yourself, unit, client,
and room number
- situation: state the problem, when it happened or started, and the
severity
- background: admitting diagnosis and date of admission, relevant
past medical history, current medications/allergies/IV fluids/labs,
other relevant clinical information
- assessment: nurse's assessment of situation, pertinent vitals and
assessment data
- recommendation: nurse's recommendation, what the nurse wants
(notification of information, client needs to be seen now, order
changes)
- readback and verify: correctly readback orders from written notes
to confirm orders received, clarify information if needed
, ◉ Information needed for ISBARR. Answer: - client's chart or EHR
open
- current medications, allergies, IV fluids
- most recent vital signs
- code status
- most recent lab results and previous lab results for comparison
◉ Florence Nightingale. Answer: - focused on research and data
collection
- kept careful statistics on diseases/mortality and analyzed data to
make recommendations about hygiene
◉ Bertha Harmer. Answer: - nurses prescribe nursing care just as
physicians prescribe medical care
- visionary about the value of documenting nursing data to improve
care and outcomes
◉ Outcomes potentially sensitive to nursing (OSPN). Answer: -
nursing measured by adverse events
- studied patient outcomes and their relationship to nurse-patient
ratio
- more RNs = fewer adverse outcomes
2026 COMPREHENSIVE STUDY GUIDE
◉ Acceptance. Answer: encouraging and receiving information
◉ Interpretation. Answer: putting into words what the patient is
feeling or implying
◉ Validation/clarifying. Answer: clarifying the nurse's
understanding of the situation
◉ Restatement/summarizing. Answer: repeating the main idea
expressed by the patient
◉ Observation. Answer: stating what the nurse is observing
◉ Open-ended statements. Answer: introducing an idea
◉ Reflection/redirection. Answer: redirecting the idea back to the
patient
◉ Silence. Answer: remaining intentionally silent
,◉ Sharing. Answer: observations, empathy, hope, humor
◉ Techniques that inhibit communication. Answer: - advice
- agreement
- challenges
- reassurance
- disapproval
◉ Advice. Answer: telling a patient what to do
◉ Agreement. Answer: agreeing with a particular viewpoint of a
patient
◉ Challenges. Answer: disputing the patient's beliefs with
arguments, logical thinking, or direct order
◉ Reassurance. Answer: telling a patient that everything will be ok
◉ Disapproval. Answer: judging the patient's situation and behavior
,◉ Nursing process: pre-interaction. Answer: occurs before meeting
client
◉ Nursing process: orientation. Answer: getting to know each other
◉ Nursing process: working. Answer: solving problems and
accomplishing goals
◉ Nursing process: termination. Answer: planning for the future
◉ ISBARR. Answer: - identification: identify yourself, unit, client,
and room number
- situation: state the problem, when it happened or started, and the
severity
- background: admitting diagnosis and date of admission, relevant
past medical history, current medications/allergies/IV fluids/labs,
other relevant clinical information
- assessment: nurse's assessment of situation, pertinent vitals and
assessment data
- recommendation: nurse's recommendation, what the nurse wants
(notification of information, client needs to be seen now, order
changes)
- readback and verify: correctly readback orders from written notes
to confirm orders received, clarify information if needed
, ◉ Information needed for ISBARR. Answer: - client's chart or EHR
open
- current medications, allergies, IV fluids
- most recent vital signs
- code status
- most recent lab results and previous lab results for comparison
◉ Florence Nightingale. Answer: - focused on research and data
collection
- kept careful statistics on diseases/mortality and analyzed data to
make recommendations about hygiene
◉ Bertha Harmer. Answer: - nurses prescribe nursing care just as
physicians prescribe medical care
- visionary about the value of documenting nursing data to improve
care and outcomes
◉ Outcomes potentially sensitive to nursing (OSPN). Answer: -
nursing measured by adverse events
- studied patient outcomes and their relationship to nurse-patient
ratio
- more RNs = fewer adverse outcomes
