NR 510 Leadership and Role of the APN Final
Exam 2026| Chamberlain University| Actual
Exam Questions and Verified Answers
Question: What is the most commonly reported symptom of cancer treatment?
Alopecia
Nausea
Pain
Fatigue
Correct answer: D) Fatigue
Explanation: Fatigue is the most commonly reported symptom by patients undergoing
cancer treatment (chemotherapy, radiation). It is often described as overwhelming and not
relieved by rest, significantly impacting quality of life.
Question: Where are Langerhans cells found?
Liver
Skin
Brain
Bone marrow
Correct answer: B) Skin
Explanation: Langerhans cells are dendritic cells (immune cells) found primarily in the
epidermis of the skin and in mucosal tissues. They act as antigen-presenting cells.
Question: An infant has a crescendo-decrescendo systolic ejection murmur located between
the second and third intercostal spaces along the left sternal border. A wide fixed splitting of
the second heart sound is also found. These clinical findings are consistent with which
congenital heart defect?
Ventricular septal defect (VSD)
,Atrial septal defect (ASD)
Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
Tetralogy of Fallot
Correct answer: B) Atrial septal defect (ASD)
Explanation: Fixed, wide splitting of S2 is classic for ASD due to delayed closure of the
pulmonic valve from increased right heart volume. The systolic ejection murmur at the left
upper sternal border is from increased flow across the pulmonic valve.
Question: Which statement is true concerning a fungal infection?
It is treated with antibiotics.
It is caused by a prion.
It is often opportunistic in immunocompromised hosts.
It replicates only inside living cells.
Correct answer: C) It is often opportunistic in immunocompromised hosts.
Explanation: Many fungal infections (e.g., candidiasis, aspergillosis) are opportunistic,
causing disease primarily when the immune system is weakened (HIV, chemotherapy,
transplants).
Question: A hypersensitivity reaction that produces an allergic response is called:
A) Type I hypersensitivity
B) Type II hypersensitivity
C) Type III hypersensitivity
D) Type IV hypersensitivity
Correct answer: A) Type I hypersensitivity
Explanation: Type I hypersensitivity is the immediate allergic reaction mediated by IgE,
involving mast cells and basophils (e.g., anaphylaxis, hay fever).
Question: What period follows depolarization of the myocardium and represents a period
during which no new cardiac potential can be propagated?
, A) Depolarization
B) Absolute refractory period
C) Relative refractory period
D) Diastole
Correct answer: B) Absolute refractory period
Explanation: The absolute refractory period occurs after depolarization (from the start of the
QRS complex to mid-T wave) where no new action potential can be initiated, ensuring the
heart relaxes before another contraction.
Question: Which renal change is found in older adults?
A) Increased glomerular filtration rate
B) Increased renal blood flow
C) Decreased number of nephrons
D) Increased ability to concentrate urine
Correct answer: C) Decreased number of nephrons
Explanation: Aging leads to a progressive loss of nephrons (approximately 30-40% by age
80), resulting in decreased GFR and reduced concentrating ability.
Question: Cystic fibrosis is caused by which process?
A) Defect in a chloride channel (CFTR gene)
B) Excess mucus production only
C) Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic cells
D) Bacterial infection of the lungs
Correct answer: A) Defect in a chloride channel (CFTR gene)
Explanation: Cystic fibrosis is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the
CFTR gene, leading to defective chloride transport, thick secretions, and organ damage.
Question: What is the most common predisposing factor to obstructive sleep apnea in
children?
Exam 2026| Chamberlain University| Actual
Exam Questions and Verified Answers
Question: What is the most commonly reported symptom of cancer treatment?
Alopecia
Nausea
Pain
Fatigue
Correct answer: D) Fatigue
Explanation: Fatigue is the most commonly reported symptom by patients undergoing
cancer treatment (chemotherapy, radiation). It is often described as overwhelming and not
relieved by rest, significantly impacting quality of life.
Question: Where are Langerhans cells found?
Liver
Skin
Brain
Bone marrow
Correct answer: B) Skin
Explanation: Langerhans cells are dendritic cells (immune cells) found primarily in the
epidermis of the skin and in mucosal tissues. They act as antigen-presenting cells.
Question: An infant has a crescendo-decrescendo systolic ejection murmur located between
the second and third intercostal spaces along the left sternal border. A wide fixed splitting of
the second heart sound is also found. These clinical findings are consistent with which
congenital heart defect?
Ventricular septal defect (VSD)
,Atrial septal defect (ASD)
Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
Tetralogy of Fallot
Correct answer: B) Atrial septal defect (ASD)
Explanation: Fixed, wide splitting of S2 is classic for ASD due to delayed closure of the
pulmonic valve from increased right heart volume. The systolic ejection murmur at the left
upper sternal border is from increased flow across the pulmonic valve.
Question: Which statement is true concerning a fungal infection?
It is treated with antibiotics.
It is caused by a prion.
It is often opportunistic in immunocompromised hosts.
It replicates only inside living cells.
Correct answer: C) It is often opportunistic in immunocompromised hosts.
Explanation: Many fungal infections (e.g., candidiasis, aspergillosis) are opportunistic,
causing disease primarily when the immune system is weakened (HIV, chemotherapy,
transplants).
Question: A hypersensitivity reaction that produces an allergic response is called:
A) Type I hypersensitivity
B) Type II hypersensitivity
C) Type III hypersensitivity
D) Type IV hypersensitivity
Correct answer: A) Type I hypersensitivity
Explanation: Type I hypersensitivity is the immediate allergic reaction mediated by IgE,
involving mast cells and basophils (e.g., anaphylaxis, hay fever).
Question: What period follows depolarization of the myocardium and represents a period
during which no new cardiac potential can be propagated?
, A) Depolarization
B) Absolute refractory period
C) Relative refractory period
D) Diastole
Correct answer: B) Absolute refractory period
Explanation: The absolute refractory period occurs after depolarization (from the start of the
QRS complex to mid-T wave) where no new action potential can be initiated, ensuring the
heart relaxes before another contraction.
Question: Which renal change is found in older adults?
A) Increased glomerular filtration rate
B) Increased renal blood flow
C) Decreased number of nephrons
D) Increased ability to concentrate urine
Correct answer: C) Decreased number of nephrons
Explanation: Aging leads to a progressive loss of nephrons (approximately 30-40% by age
80), resulting in decreased GFR and reduced concentrating ability.
Question: Cystic fibrosis is caused by which process?
A) Defect in a chloride channel (CFTR gene)
B) Excess mucus production only
C) Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic cells
D) Bacterial infection of the lungs
Correct answer: A) Defect in a chloride channel (CFTR gene)
Explanation: Cystic fibrosis is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the
CFTR gene, leading to defective chloride transport, thick secretions, and organ damage.
Question: What is the most common predisposing factor to obstructive sleep apnea in
children?
