TTU Plant Bio Exam 3- Smith
Questions & Answers (Grade A+)
species -
correct answer ✅-"groups of actually or potentially interbreeding
natural populations, which are reproductively isolated from one
another" Ernst Mayr
-cant reproduce w/ one another= generally term them as different
species
genotype -
correct answer ✅-set of genes an organism carries
-genetic makeup (whats in their DNA)
-has/is the code
phenotype -
correct answer ✅-observable traits (produced from the code-
genotype)
-expression of the genotype
-can be a lot of variability within/across species (result of genetics)
genetics -
correct answer ✅-study of genes
,TTU Plant Bio Exam 3- Smith
Questions & Answers (Grade A+)
gene -
correct answer ✅-stretch of DNA that codes for a protein (
-are heritable: passed on from parents to offspring
"Central Dogma" of molecular genetics -
correct answer ✅-how DNA creates proteins/how proteins are
created
-DNA gets transcribed into RNA which gets translated into proteins
-how DNA encodes and produces proteins that form those
important functions
transcription of DNA-RNA -
correct answer ✅1. DNA is unzipped, enzyme seperates 2 strands
of double strand DNA
2. protein binds to promoter region of DNA (start of gene)
3.RNA is created by reading DNA sequence along gene
4. until reaches terminator region (end of gene)
5. RNA falls off and moves from nucleus to cytoplasm
DNA vs RNA -
correct answer ✅DNA:
,TTU Plant Bio Exam 3- Smith
Questions & Answers (Grade A+)
-double stranded often
-nitrogen bases: A, G, C, T
-storage and replication of genetic info
RNA:
-single strand often
-nitrogen bases: A, G, C, U(Uracil)
-transfer of genetic info
translation RNA-Proteins -
correct answer ✅-creation of proteins from RNA
-codons that are read from RNA, sequences of 3 bases that make
up codon
-each codon codes for amino acid
-amino acids are strung together as polypeptides
-polypeptides are building blocks of proteins
-have an enzyme thats reading that RNA, creating amino acids,
which make up polypeptides, which make up proteins
codons -
correct answer ✅-3 nucleotide sequences of RNA
, TTU Plant Bio Exam 3- Smith
Questions & Answers (Grade A+)
-code for single amino acid
-4^3= 64 combinations of bases
-only 20 different amino acids, make up different polypeptides-
proteins
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) -
correct answer ✅-long chain of nucleotides with a nitrogen
base(center of DNA) and phosphate/sugar backbone(structure to
DNA-outside)
-double stranded and are connectd together by nitrogen bases
pairing up with one another (Adenine-Thymine, Cytosine-Guanine)
-double helix- allows DNA to pack tightly/pack a lot of DNA (2 strans
curl up tightly)
functinos of DNA -
correct answer ✅1. stores genetic info- capable of replicating and
expressing info, can mutate
2. replication of info
3. expression of info
4. mutation
Questions & Answers (Grade A+)
species -
correct answer ✅-"groups of actually or potentially interbreeding
natural populations, which are reproductively isolated from one
another" Ernst Mayr
-cant reproduce w/ one another= generally term them as different
species
genotype -
correct answer ✅-set of genes an organism carries
-genetic makeup (whats in their DNA)
-has/is the code
phenotype -
correct answer ✅-observable traits (produced from the code-
genotype)
-expression of the genotype
-can be a lot of variability within/across species (result of genetics)
genetics -
correct answer ✅-study of genes
,TTU Plant Bio Exam 3- Smith
Questions & Answers (Grade A+)
gene -
correct answer ✅-stretch of DNA that codes for a protein (
-are heritable: passed on from parents to offspring
"Central Dogma" of molecular genetics -
correct answer ✅-how DNA creates proteins/how proteins are
created
-DNA gets transcribed into RNA which gets translated into proteins
-how DNA encodes and produces proteins that form those
important functions
transcription of DNA-RNA -
correct answer ✅1. DNA is unzipped, enzyme seperates 2 strands
of double strand DNA
2. protein binds to promoter region of DNA (start of gene)
3.RNA is created by reading DNA sequence along gene
4. until reaches terminator region (end of gene)
5. RNA falls off and moves from nucleus to cytoplasm
DNA vs RNA -
correct answer ✅DNA:
,TTU Plant Bio Exam 3- Smith
Questions & Answers (Grade A+)
-double stranded often
-nitrogen bases: A, G, C, T
-storage and replication of genetic info
RNA:
-single strand often
-nitrogen bases: A, G, C, U(Uracil)
-transfer of genetic info
translation RNA-Proteins -
correct answer ✅-creation of proteins from RNA
-codons that are read from RNA, sequences of 3 bases that make
up codon
-each codon codes for amino acid
-amino acids are strung together as polypeptides
-polypeptides are building blocks of proteins
-have an enzyme thats reading that RNA, creating amino acids,
which make up polypeptides, which make up proteins
codons -
correct answer ✅-3 nucleotide sequences of RNA
, TTU Plant Bio Exam 3- Smith
Questions & Answers (Grade A+)
-code for single amino acid
-4^3= 64 combinations of bases
-only 20 different amino acids, make up different polypeptides-
proteins
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) -
correct answer ✅-long chain of nucleotides with a nitrogen
base(center of DNA) and phosphate/sugar backbone(structure to
DNA-outside)
-double stranded and are connectd together by nitrogen bases
pairing up with one another (Adenine-Thymine, Cytosine-Guanine)
-double helix- allows DNA to pack tightly/pack a lot of DNA (2 strans
curl up tightly)
functinos of DNA -
correct answer ✅1. stores genetic info- capable of replicating and
expressing info, can mutate
2. replication of info
3. expression of info
4. mutation
