FUNDAMENTALS OF DIVERSE LEARNERS
COMPREHENSIVE EXAM SCRIPT 2026
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
● Language Proficiency Tests. Answer: WIDA ACCESS, LAS Links, or
IPT evaluate English proficiency.
● Classroom Observations. Answer: Teachers assess language barriers
in academic contexts.
● Lau v. Nichols (1974). Answer: Requires meaningful access to
education for ELs.
● ESSA (Every Student Succeeds Act). Answer: Mandates EL
identification and program support.
● Title III. Answer: Provides federal funding for language instruction.
● Persistent difficulty. Answer: Memory, problem-solving, and
following instructions (even with adequate language comprehension).
● Persistent difficulty. Answer: Reading, writing, or retaining new
information unrelated to English proficiency.
, ● IDEA (Individuals with Disabilities Education Act). Answer: Ensures
FAPE in the LRE.
● Section 504. Answer: Prohibits discrimination and guarantees
accommodations.
● IEPs. Answer: Provide specialized instruction under IDEA.
● 504 Plans. Answer: Offer accommodations for equal access under
Section 504.
● Autism. Answer: Communication challenges, repetitive behaviors.
● Deaf-blindness. Answer: Combined vision and hearing loss.
● Deafness. Answer: Severe hearing loss affecting processing.
● Emotional Disturbance. Answer: Long-term emotional or behavioral
difficulties.
● Hearing Impairment. Answer: Hearing loss not classified as deafness.
COMPREHENSIVE EXAM SCRIPT 2026
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
● Language Proficiency Tests. Answer: WIDA ACCESS, LAS Links, or
IPT evaluate English proficiency.
● Classroom Observations. Answer: Teachers assess language barriers
in academic contexts.
● Lau v. Nichols (1974). Answer: Requires meaningful access to
education for ELs.
● ESSA (Every Student Succeeds Act). Answer: Mandates EL
identification and program support.
● Title III. Answer: Provides federal funding for language instruction.
● Persistent difficulty. Answer: Memory, problem-solving, and
following instructions (even with adequate language comprehension).
● Persistent difficulty. Answer: Reading, writing, or retaining new
information unrelated to English proficiency.
, ● IDEA (Individuals with Disabilities Education Act). Answer: Ensures
FAPE in the LRE.
● Section 504. Answer: Prohibits discrimination and guarantees
accommodations.
● IEPs. Answer: Provide specialized instruction under IDEA.
● 504 Plans. Answer: Offer accommodations for equal access under
Section 504.
● Autism. Answer: Communication challenges, repetitive behaviors.
● Deaf-blindness. Answer: Combined vision and hearing loss.
● Deafness. Answer: Severe hearing loss affecting processing.
● Emotional Disturbance. Answer: Long-term emotional or behavioral
difficulties.
● Hearing Impairment. Answer: Hearing loss not classified as deafness.
