BSN 225 HESI EXAM QUESTIONS AND COMPLETE ANSWERS
2026/2027 LATEST UPDATE
What is a 24 hour urine collection? collecting each void within a 24 hour time frame, should be kept in refrigerator or with
preservative
*first void is discarded and the rest are collected.
What is a 24 urine collection for? can provide diagnostic information about renal function, fluid balance, and the existence
of infection and other disorders.
*sees how much creatinine clears through the kidneys
*creatinine is a waste product of muscles and is excreted through your urine, if there is a
low count then this means that your kidneys are not functioning properly and you could
have a kidney issue. excreted
feces assessment Many hospitalized patients either are at risk for or have some type of alteration in bowel
elimination. The changes may be due to physiologic issues, such as surgical alterations or
disease processes, changes in diet, medication effects, or mobility issues. Changes may be
psychological and related to stress, anxiety, depression, or eating disorders.
Because the organs of the GI system process food and fluids for use within the body
systems, any alteration may lead to serious issues for the patient. Impaired elimination has
serious implications for patient well-being and treatment outcomes.
looking for: diarrhea, incontinence, constipation, impaction
What are normal blood pressure readings? Normal: <120/<80
Hypo: S= <90 or D= <60
Elevated: 120-129/<80
Hyper stage 1: 130-139/80-
89 Hyper stage 2:
>140/>90
12/12
, What does the RN do for an elevated blood pressure? Nursing interventions include assessing hypertension risk factors, obtaining blood
pressure readings, evaluating medication compliance, and monitoring for side effects of
pharmacological medications used for hypertension.
What is orthostatic hypotension? a sudden drop of 20 mm Hg in systolic pressure and 10 mm Hg in diastolic pressure when
the patient moves from a lying to sitting to standing position. The low pressure occurs
from peripheral vasodilation with no rise in cardiac output for compensation. It occurs
with aging and is a common side effect of several medications. Other risk factors for
orthostatic hypotension include prolonged immobility, dehydration, and blood loss.
What are barbiturates? a sedative that slow pulse and breathing, lowered blood pressure; reduced anxiety,
feeling of well-being, lowered inhibitions; poor concentration/fatigue, confusion; impaired
coordination, memory, judgment; addiction
*PHENobarbital
Urinary retention inability to empty the bladder caused by obstruction or neurologic disorders.
*Acute urinary retention is a medical emergency necessitating prompt medical
intervention.
*for a ruptured bladder a triple lumen catheter would be used to help drain blood and
clots from the bladder.
*foley catheters should be left in for 3 days
What is chronic pain? postoperative pain that persists more than 3 months (following surgery) and pain (not
following surgery) lasting longer than 6 months. This interferes with daily functioning and
is accompanied by distress on a continuing basis. It is caused by an irritation of nerves
and/or tissues. Chronic pain may be a complaint, a disease, or secondary to a disease.
Nonpharmacological: repositioning, massage, distraction through activities, television or
music.
pharmacological: pain medication, ointments, patches
What is SBAR? S: Situation
B: Background
A: Assessment
R: Recommendation
Used for report to other nurses, when calling the doctor
13/12
2026/2027 LATEST UPDATE
What is a 24 hour urine collection? collecting each void within a 24 hour time frame, should be kept in refrigerator or with
preservative
*first void is discarded and the rest are collected.
What is a 24 urine collection for? can provide diagnostic information about renal function, fluid balance, and the existence
of infection and other disorders.
*sees how much creatinine clears through the kidneys
*creatinine is a waste product of muscles and is excreted through your urine, if there is a
low count then this means that your kidneys are not functioning properly and you could
have a kidney issue. excreted
feces assessment Many hospitalized patients either are at risk for or have some type of alteration in bowel
elimination. The changes may be due to physiologic issues, such as surgical alterations or
disease processes, changes in diet, medication effects, or mobility issues. Changes may be
psychological and related to stress, anxiety, depression, or eating disorders.
Because the organs of the GI system process food and fluids for use within the body
systems, any alteration may lead to serious issues for the patient. Impaired elimination has
serious implications for patient well-being and treatment outcomes.
looking for: diarrhea, incontinence, constipation, impaction
What are normal blood pressure readings? Normal: <120/<80
Hypo: S= <90 or D= <60
Elevated: 120-129/<80
Hyper stage 1: 130-139/80-
89 Hyper stage 2:
>140/>90
12/12
, What does the RN do for an elevated blood pressure? Nursing interventions include assessing hypertension risk factors, obtaining blood
pressure readings, evaluating medication compliance, and monitoring for side effects of
pharmacological medications used for hypertension.
What is orthostatic hypotension? a sudden drop of 20 mm Hg in systolic pressure and 10 mm Hg in diastolic pressure when
the patient moves from a lying to sitting to standing position. The low pressure occurs
from peripheral vasodilation with no rise in cardiac output for compensation. It occurs
with aging and is a common side effect of several medications. Other risk factors for
orthostatic hypotension include prolonged immobility, dehydration, and blood loss.
What are barbiturates? a sedative that slow pulse and breathing, lowered blood pressure; reduced anxiety,
feeling of well-being, lowered inhibitions; poor concentration/fatigue, confusion; impaired
coordination, memory, judgment; addiction
*PHENobarbital
Urinary retention inability to empty the bladder caused by obstruction or neurologic disorders.
*Acute urinary retention is a medical emergency necessitating prompt medical
intervention.
*for a ruptured bladder a triple lumen catheter would be used to help drain blood and
clots from the bladder.
*foley catheters should be left in for 3 days
What is chronic pain? postoperative pain that persists more than 3 months (following surgery) and pain (not
following surgery) lasting longer than 6 months. This interferes with daily functioning and
is accompanied by distress on a continuing basis. It is caused by an irritation of nerves
and/or tissues. Chronic pain may be a complaint, a disease, or secondary to a disease.
Nonpharmacological: repositioning, massage, distraction through activities, television or
music.
pharmacological: pain medication, ointments, patches
What is SBAR? S: Situation
B: Background
A: Assessment
R: Recommendation
Used for report to other nurses, when calling the doctor
13/12
