1|Page
CRC EXAM PREP-COMPREHENSIVE
Q&A FOR CERTIFICATION SUCCESS
2026
The ADA Amendments Act (ADAAA) of 2008 - correct-answer -Revise definition of
"disability" and broaden the scope of coverage for PWD
Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (WIOA) of 2014 - correct-answer -
Significant changes to the Title I of the Rehab act of 1973, replace the WIA, affect
state-federal VR
-Establish an Advisory Committee on Increasing Competitive Integrated
Employment for individuals with disabilities
-State VR must spend at least 15% of federal funding on pre-employment
transition services **
Emphasize local labor market analysis, employer engagement, and customized
work-based learning experiences (apprenticeships and internships)
-Identify primary performance indicators to measure employment outcomes
-Significant changes to Title IV of the Rehab Act of 1973, affect SE program,
extend SE provision from 18 mo. to 24 mo., spend at least 10% on youth with the
most sig disabilities
-Transfer a number of programs from the Department of Education to
Department of Health and Human Services
,2|Page
Two hats vs big hat theory - correct-answer -Two Hats (Patterson) proposes that
rehab counseling involves a number of roles and functions that justify a separate
and distinct practice area
-Primary model used since the 1970s
Big Hat (White House) suggested rehab counselors should be trained to work with
the whole person and should have skills that encompass many roles, including
those of a therapist, counselor, case manager, case coordinator, psychometrician,
voc counselor, educator, community and consumer advocate, and placement
counselor
CRCC code of Ethics defines rehab counseling as - correct-answer -a systematic
proccess that assists persons with physicial, mental, developmental, cognitive,
and emotional disabilities to achieve their personal, career, and IL goals
-functioning versus pathology
Key ADA concepts - correct-answer -Major life activities - impairment must
substantially limit one or more major life activities in order to be a disability
covered by the ADA (sleeping, walking, sitting, etc)
Substantially limiting - has to substantially limit one or more major life activity
(Three factors to consider in determining whether a person's impairment
substantially limits a major life activity: nature and severity, expected duration,
and expected impact)
,3|Page
Qualified individual with a disability
Essential function - 1. The position exists to perform the function, 2. there are a
limited number of other employees available and 3. a function is highly
specialized, with the person being hired for their expertise to perform it
Reasonable accommodation - a modification to a job that enables a qualified
individual with a disability to benefit from an equal employment opportunity.
required in 3 aspects of employment: 1. to ensure equal opportunity in the
application process 2. to enable a qualified individual with a disability to perform
the essential functions of a job and 3. to enable an employee with a disability to
enjoy equal benefits of employment
Undue hardship - an action that requires "sig difficulty or expense" in relation to
the size of the employer, the resources available, and the nature of the operation.
includes any action that is a. unduly costly b. is extensive c. is substantial d.
disruptive e. would fundamentally alter the nature or operation of the business
Ethical Decision-Making Model - correct-answer -7 steps
1. ID the problem
2. Apply the ACA code of ethics
3. determine the nature and dimensions of the dilemma
4. Generate potential courses of action
5. Consider the potential consequences of all options and determine a course of
action
6. Evaluate the selected course of action
7. Implement the course of action
, 4|Page
Clients and Participatory Ethics - correct-answer -Ethical knowledge and practices
therapeutic alliance
client involvement
client empowerment
Ethical orientations - correct-answer -Paradise (1979) Hierarchical levels of
developmental ethical reasoning
1. Punishment (most restrictive)
2. Institutional
3. Societal
4. Individual
5. Principle/Conscience (least restrictive)
client rights - correct-answer -Professional disclosure statement
Informed consent (consent vs assent)
Cultural sensitivity
confidentiality
privileged communication
3 main limits of confidentiality - correct-answer -hurting yourself/others
CRC EXAM PREP-COMPREHENSIVE
Q&A FOR CERTIFICATION SUCCESS
2026
The ADA Amendments Act (ADAAA) of 2008 - correct-answer -Revise definition of
"disability" and broaden the scope of coverage for PWD
Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (WIOA) of 2014 - correct-answer -
Significant changes to the Title I of the Rehab act of 1973, replace the WIA, affect
state-federal VR
-Establish an Advisory Committee on Increasing Competitive Integrated
Employment for individuals with disabilities
-State VR must spend at least 15% of federal funding on pre-employment
transition services **
Emphasize local labor market analysis, employer engagement, and customized
work-based learning experiences (apprenticeships and internships)
-Identify primary performance indicators to measure employment outcomes
-Significant changes to Title IV of the Rehab Act of 1973, affect SE program,
extend SE provision from 18 mo. to 24 mo., spend at least 10% on youth with the
most sig disabilities
-Transfer a number of programs from the Department of Education to
Department of Health and Human Services
,2|Page
Two hats vs big hat theory - correct-answer -Two Hats (Patterson) proposes that
rehab counseling involves a number of roles and functions that justify a separate
and distinct practice area
-Primary model used since the 1970s
Big Hat (White House) suggested rehab counselors should be trained to work with
the whole person and should have skills that encompass many roles, including
those of a therapist, counselor, case manager, case coordinator, psychometrician,
voc counselor, educator, community and consumer advocate, and placement
counselor
CRCC code of Ethics defines rehab counseling as - correct-answer -a systematic
proccess that assists persons with physicial, mental, developmental, cognitive,
and emotional disabilities to achieve their personal, career, and IL goals
-functioning versus pathology
Key ADA concepts - correct-answer -Major life activities - impairment must
substantially limit one or more major life activities in order to be a disability
covered by the ADA (sleeping, walking, sitting, etc)
Substantially limiting - has to substantially limit one or more major life activity
(Three factors to consider in determining whether a person's impairment
substantially limits a major life activity: nature and severity, expected duration,
and expected impact)
,3|Page
Qualified individual with a disability
Essential function - 1. The position exists to perform the function, 2. there are a
limited number of other employees available and 3. a function is highly
specialized, with the person being hired for their expertise to perform it
Reasonable accommodation - a modification to a job that enables a qualified
individual with a disability to benefit from an equal employment opportunity.
required in 3 aspects of employment: 1. to ensure equal opportunity in the
application process 2. to enable a qualified individual with a disability to perform
the essential functions of a job and 3. to enable an employee with a disability to
enjoy equal benefits of employment
Undue hardship - an action that requires "sig difficulty or expense" in relation to
the size of the employer, the resources available, and the nature of the operation.
includes any action that is a. unduly costly b. is extensive c. is substantial d.
disruptive e. would fundamentally alter the nature or operation of the business
Ethical Decision-Making Model - correct-answer -7 steps
1. ID the problem
2. Apply the ACA code of ethics
3. determine the nature and dimensions of the dilemma
4. Generate potential courses of action
5. Consider the potential consequences of all options and determine a course of
action
6. Evaluate the selected course of action
7. Implement the course of action
, 4|Page
Clients and Participatory Ethics - correct-answer -Ethical knowledge and practices
therapeutic alliance
client involvement
client empowerment
Ethical orientations - correct-answer -Paradise (1979) Hierarchical levels of
developmental ethical reasoning
1. Punishment (most restrictive)
2. Institutional
3. Societal
4. Individual
5. Principle/Conscience (least restrictive)
client rights - correct-answer -Professional disclosure statement
Informed consent (consent vs assent)
Cultural sensitivity
confidentiality
privileged communication
3 main limits of confidentiality - correct-answer -hurting yourself/others
