UPTP EXAM 2 100% DETAILED VERIFIED CORRECT ANSWERS
2026 STUDY SET
Tests for relevant probable cause -ANSWER-Credibility of source, basis of knowledge, and
totality of circumstances
Probable Cause that needs corroboration -ANSWER-Anonymous sources, confidential
informants
Ways to corroborate PC sources -ANSWER-1st hand info, previous reliability, predictable info,
statements against interest, degree of detachment
Makes PC reliable -ANSWER-Timeliness, how long ago was the info obtained?
Helps corroborate PC -ANSWER-Who, what, when, where, how?
Exclusionary Rule -ANSWER-Evidence obtained in violation of the 4th amendment is not
admissible in court (Fruit of the poisonous tree)
Exclusionary Rule exceptions -ANSWER-Standing, Good Faith, Inevitable discovery,
impeachment, and foreign searches
Standing -ANSWER-Only the defendant with violated 4th rights can benefit, must be proven
with REP
Good faith -ANSWER-Only applies when an officer reasonably relies on a mistake made by
someone else
Inevitable discovery -ANSWER-Government proves they would have found the evidence
anyway, no need to suppress it because it would have been found anyway
, Impeachment -ANSWER-When defendants choose to testify, they must testify truthfully or
suffer the consequences
Foreign searches -ANSWER-4th does not apply to a foreign search as long as it was not
solicited by USA
How do you obtain an arrest warrant? -ANSWER-Complaint, information, indictment
Complaint -ANSWER-Probable cause from a LEO
Information -ANSWER-Probable cause from a US attorney
Indictment -ANSWER-Probable cause from Grand Jury charges
Who does the 4th amendment apply to? -ANSWER-The government when a search is
conducted
Who is the government in relation to the 4th amendment? -ANSWER-Cops, agents,
undercover agents, and confidential informants. Citizens acting as an instrument or agent of
the government or under the direction of a government agent
What can be searched? -ANSWER-Persons, dwellings, papers, and effects
Does the 4th apply to private citizens? -ANSWER-No
Who is not the government? -ANSWER-Private citizens, parents, significant others, nosy
neighbors, hotel maids, delivery services, foreign LEOs overseas, and others unconnected to
the government
2026 STUDY SET
Tests for relevant probable cause -ANSWER-Credibility of source, basis of knowledge, and
totality of circumstances
Probable Cause that needs corroboration -ANSWER-Anonymous sources, confidential
informants
Ways to corroborate PC sources -ANSWER-1st hand info, previous reliability, predictable info,
statements against interest, degree of detachment
Makes PC reliable -ANSWER-Timeliness, how long ago was the info obtained?
Helps corroborate PC -ANSWER-Who, what, when, where, how?
Exclusionary Rule -ANSWER-Evidence obtained in violation of the 4th amendment is not
admissible in court (Fruit of the poisonous tree)
Exclusionary Rule exceptions -ANSWER-Standing, Good Faith, Inevitable discovery,
impeachment, and foreign searches
Standing -ANSWER-Only the defendant with violated 4th rights can benefit, must be proven
with REP
Good faith -ANSWER-Only applies when an officer reasonably relies on a mistake made by
someone else
Inevitable discovery -ANSWER-Government proves they would have found the evidence
anyway, no need to suppress it because it would have been found anyway
, Impeachment -ANSWER-When defendants choose to testify, they must testify truthfully or
suffer the consequences
Foreign searches -ANSWER-4th does not apply to a foreign search as long as it was not
solicited by USA
How do you obtain an arrest warrant? -ANSWER-Complaint, information, indictment
Complaint -ANSWER-Probable cause from a LEO
Information -ANSWER-Probable cause from a US attorney
Indictment -ANSWER-Probable cause from Grand Jury charges
Who does the 4th amendment apply to? -ANSWER-The government when a search is
conducted
Who is the government in relation to the 4th amendment? -ANSWER-Cops, agents,
undercover agents, and confidential informants. Citizens acting as an instrument or agent of
the government or under the direction of a government agent
What can be searched? -ANSWER-Persons, dwellings, papers, and effects
Does the 4th apply to private citizens? -ANSWER-No
Who is not the government? -ANSWER-Private citizens, parents, significant others, nosy
neighbors, hotel maids, delivery services, foreign LEOs overseas, and others unconnected to
the government
