BIO1150 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM AND
STUDY GUIDE NEWEST 2025 TEST BANK| COMPLETE
550 REAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) ALREADY GRADED A+
(MOST RECENT!!)
1. Which of the following types of transport is NOT a form of
passive transport used by the plasma membrane?
A) Endocytosis
B) Osmosis
C) Facilitated diffusion
D) Diffusion
Answer: A
Rationale: Passive transport moves substances down their
concentration gradient without cellular energy (ATP). Endocytosis
1
,is an active process requiring energy to engulf materials into the
cell. The passive methods include osmosis (water movement),
facilitated diffusion (carrier-mediated), and simple diffusion
(lipid-soluble substances).
2. Which statement best defines transcription?
A) Proteins are synthesized from amino acids
B) RNA is synthesized from a DNA template
C) DNA is replicated to form two identical strands
D) mRNA is translated into a protein sequence
Answer: B
Rationale: Transcription is the process by which RNA is
synthesized from a DNA template in the nucleus. The mRNA
transcript then travels to the ribosome for translation into protein.
3. Which of the following nitrogenous bases is found in RNA
but not in DNA?
A) Cytosine
2
,B) Uracil
C) Guanine
D) Adenine
Answer: B
Rationale: RNA contains the nitrogenous base uracil instead of
thymine (found in DNA). Both DNA and RNA contain adenine,
guanine, and cytosine.
4. A red blood cell is placed in a hypotonic solution of
distilled water. What will happen to the cell?
A) The cell will shrivel from water leaving its interior
B) The cell will swell and likely burst from water rushing inside
C) The cell will remain unchanged with no water movement
D) The cell will undergo immediate apoptosis
Answer: B
Rationale: In a hypotonic solution, the extracellular fluid has a
lower solute concentration than the cell interior. Water rushes into
3
, the RBC by osmosis, causing the cell to swell and potentially lyse
(burst).
5. The term that means the physical expression of a gene is:
A) Genotype
B) Phenotype
C) Dominant trait
D) Allele
Answer: B
Rationale: Phenotype refers to the observable physical
expression of a gene (e.g., eye color, height). Genotype refers
to the underlying genetic makeup. Alleles are different forms of
a gene.
6. Which term describes an increase in cell SIZE resulting in
increased tissue size?
A) Hyperplasia
B) Metaplasia
4
STUDY GUIDE NEWEST 2025 TEST BANK| COMPLETE
550 REAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) ALREADY GRADED A+
(MOST RECENT!!)
1. Which of the following types of transport is NOT a form of
passive transport used by the plasma membrane?
A) Endocytosis
B) Osmosis
C) Facilitated diffusion
D) Diffusion
Answer: A
Rationale: Passive transport moves substances down their
concentration gradient without cellular energy (ATP). Endocytosis
1
,is an active process requiring energy to engulf materials into the
cell. The passive methods include osmosis (water movement),
facilitated diffusion (carrier-mediated), and simple diffusion
(lipid-soluble substances).
2. Which statement best defines transcription?
A) Proteins are synthesized from amino acids
B) RNA is synthesized from a DNA template
C) DNA is replicated to form two identical strands
D) mRNA is translated into a protein sequence
Answer: B
Rationale: Transcription is the process by which RNA is
synthesized from a DNA template in the nucleus. The mRNA
transcript then travels to the ribosome for translation into protein.
3. Which of the following nitrogenous bases is found in RNA
but not in DNA?
A) Cytosine
2
,B) Uracil
C) Guanine
D) Adenine
Answer: B
Rationale: RNA contains the nitrogenous base uracil instead of
thymine (found in DNA). Both DNA and RNA contain adenine,
guanine, and cytosine.
4. A red blood cell is placed in a hypotonic solution of
distilled water. What will happen to the cell?
A) The cell will shrivel from water leaving its interior
B) The cell will swell and likely burst from water rushing inside
C) The cell will remain unchanged with no water movement
D) The cell will undergo immediate apoptosis
Answer: B
Rationale: In a hypotonic solution, the extracellular fluid has a
lower solute concentration than the cell interior. Water rushes into
3
, the RBC by osmosis, causing the cell to swell and potentially lyse
(burst).
5. The term that means the physical expression of a gene is:
A) Genotype
B) Phenotype
C) Dominant trait
D) Allele
Answer: B
Rationale: Phenotype refers to the observable physical
expression of a gene (e.g., eye color, height). Genotype refers
to the underlying genetic makeup. Alleles are different forms of
a gene.
6. Which term describes an increase in cell SIZE resulting in
increased tissue size?
A) Hyperplasia
B) Metaplasia
4
