Comprehensive Study Guide D345
1
Section 1 Highlight Guide
1. Neurotransmitters: know all the neurotransmitters, the role of
various neurotransmitters in various diagnosis and symptoms.
Recommendation: Make a chart with various diagnosis and the role
various neurotransmitters play in that diagnosis/symptom.
The study of the magnitude and variation of drug response is the
definition of pharmacodynamics. Psychodynamics is the study of
what the body does to a drug and helps explain the relationship
between the dose and response.
o Dopamine produced in substantia nigra and ventral tegmental
area
= D: Drive/Drugs
= O: psychOsis
= P: Prolactin Inhibition
= A: Attention
= M: Motivation
= [: Involuntary Movements
= N: Nausea
= E: Energy
o Serotonin is produced mostly in Raphe nucleus
= DOMAINS: Depression, Obsession, Migraines, Anxiety,
Intestines, Nausea, and Sexual.
= Serotonin Syndrome: Shits and SHIVERS.
Shits(diarrhea), Shivering, Hyperreflexia, Increased
temperature, Vital sign instability, Encephalopathy,
Restlessness, and Sweating.
o Norepinephrine is produced in locus ceruleus of the pons
= Receptors Al, A2, B1, B2, and B3. More blood vessels.
= Fight or flight. Sympathetic nervous system.
= Concentrating, focusing, burst of energy, increased
BP/HR, mobilizing glucose
o Epinephrine produced by the adrenal glands
= More heart
= Fight or flight. Sympathetic nervous system.
0 Acetylcholine synthesized by the Basal Nucleus of Meynart
= Parasympathetic Nervous system. Rest and Digest. Feed
and breed.
o Muscarinic Receptors
, Comprehensive Study Guide D345
2
= SLUDGEM. Salivation, Lacrimation, Urination,
Diaphoresis, GI effects, emesis, and miosis.
Nicotinic: Muscle contraction and cognition.
Glutamate
= Excitatory. Effects learning, memory, and thoughts.
glutaMATe.
o GABA(y-aminobutyric acid).
= Inhibitory. Like a gabber who goes on and on and puts
everyone to sleep.
o Histamine:
= antiHISTAmines Help with Insomnia, Stomach acid, and
Allergies.
= Insomnia, stomach acid, allergies.
o Dopamine produced in substantia nigra and ventral tegmental
area
Serotonin is produced mostly in Raphe nucleus
oo
Norepinephrine is produced in locus ceruleus of the pons
Epinephrine produced by the adrenal glands
o
Acetylcholine synthesized by the Basal Nucleus of Meynart
o
Glutamate
o
o GABA(y-aminobutyric acid).
e 2. Components of a neuron and their role/functions
0 Dendrites
o Dendritic Spines
o Soma(cell body)
= Contains the nucleus.
o Presynaptic/Post synaptic
¢ 3. G-Protein linked system
o First messenger passes to the second. In G Link, this is
chemical.
, Comprehensive Study Guide D345
3
v
first messenger
The first messenger
causes the receptor to
change
G protein can now bind to the receptor
Figure 113 First messenger. In this figure, the
neurotransmitter has docked into ts receptor. The first
messenger does its ob by transforming the conformation of
G proteinG the receptor 50 that the receptor can bind 1o the G protein.
indicated here by the receptor tuming the same color as the
neurotransmitter and changing is shape at the bottom in order
to make it capable of binding o the G protein.
and subsequent chemical messengers. Having many
PV ALY IRl S S
G-protein-links od ion-channel-linked
neurotransmitter
neurotransmitter hormone
First Messenger v
l — membrane
& Ras/Raf/MEK
| ) hormone
nuclear
Y
receptor
complex
ERK/RSK/
MAPK/GSK-3
Fourth Messenger/
\ HRE
Gene Expression
cell nucleus
, Comprehensive Study Guide D345
4
Activating a Third-Messenger Kinase through Cyclic AMP
first messenger
=1L
neurotransmitter
"
messenger
\
inactive o third messenger
protein kinase active protein kinase
e 4. Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics are factors that affect
both.
o Pharmacokinetics- What the BODY does to the drug or how it is
processed by the body.
o Pharmacodynamics- What the Drug does to the body and how it
produces the therapeutic effect. The MOA.
o Pharmacokinetics processes vary between patients because they
are affected by body factors such as gender, age, weight,
genetics, and also drug-drug interactions. The process is
affected by a pregnancy and a patient's pathophysiology.
o Pharmacodynamics is another process involving the
relationship between drug concentration at the site of action
and its effects. Medication binding determines drug impact at
the site of movement with a receptor. Understanding each
medication's full range of receptor interactions is critical
* 5. Agonist, antagonist, partial agonist, inverse agonist, depolarization,
repolarization
o Agonist- Substance which initiates a physiological response
when combined with a receptor.
0 Antagonist- Substance that interferes/inhibits the physiological
action of another.
o Partial Agonist- Binds to a receptor and activates it, but to a
lesser extent than a full agonist.
1
Section 1 Highlight Guide
1. Neurotransmitters: know all the neurotransmitters, the role of
various neurotransmitters in various diagnosis and symptoms.
Recommendation: Make a chart with various diagnosis and the role
various neurotransmitters play in that diagnosis/symptom.
The study of the magnitude and variation of drug response is the
definition of pharmacodynamics. Psychodynamics is the study of
what the body does to a drug and helps explain the relationship
between the dose and response.
o Dopamine produced in substantia nigra and ventral tegmental
area
= D: Drive/Drugs
= O: psychOsis
= P: Prolactin Inhibition
= A: Attention
= M: Motivation
= [: Involuntary Movements
= N: Nausea
= E: Energy
o Serotonin is produced mostly in Raphe nucleus
= DOMAINS: Depression, Obsession, Migraines, Anxiety,
Intestines, Nausea, and Sexual.
= Serotonin Syndrome: Shits and SHIVERS.
Shits(diarrhea), Shivering, Hyperreflexia, Increased
temperature, Vital sign instability, Encephalopathy,
Restlessness, and Sweating.
o Norepinephrine is produced in locus ceruleus of the pons
= Receptors Al, A2, B1, B2, and B3. More blood vessels.
= Fight or flight. Sympathetic nervous system.
= Concentrating, focusing, burst of energy, increased
BP/HR, mobilizing glucose
o Epinephrine produced by the adrenal glands
= More heart
= Fight or flight. Sympathetic nervous system.
0 Acetylcholine synthesized by the Basal Nucleus of Meynart
= Parasympathetic Nervous system. Rest and Digest. Feed
and breed.
o Muscarinic Receptors
, Comprehensive Study Guide D345
2
= SLUDGEM. Salivation, Lacrimation, Urination,
Diaphoresis, GI effects, emesis, and miosis.
Nicotinic: Muscle contraction and cognition.
Glutamate
= Excitatory. Effects learning, memory, and thoughts.
glutaMATe.
o GABA(y-aminobutyric acid).
= Inhibitory. Like a gabber who goes on and on and puts
everyone to sleep.
o Histamine:
= antiHISTAmines Help with Insomnia, Stomach acid, and
Allergies.
= Insomnia, stomach acid, allergies.
o Dopamine produced in substantia nigra and ventral tegmental
area
Serotonin is produced mostly in Raphe nucleus
oo
Norepinephrine is produced in locus ceruleus of the pons
Epinephrine produced by the adrenal glands
o
Acetylcholine synthesized by the Basal Nucleus of Meynart
o
Glutamate
o
o GABA(y-aminobutyric acid).
e 2. Components of a neuron and their role/functions
0 Dendrites
o Dendritic Spines
o Soma(cell body)
= Contains the nucleus.
o Presynaptic/Post synaptic
¢ 3. G-Protein linked system
o First messenger passes to the second. In G Link, this is
chemical.
, Comprehensive Study Guide D345
3
v
first messenger
The first messenger
causes the receptor to
change
G protein can now bind to the receptor
Figure 113 First messenger. In this figure, the
neurotransmitter has docked into ts receptor. The first
messenger does its ob by transforming the conformation of
G proteinG the receptor 50 that the receptor can bind 1o the G protein.
indicated here by the receptor tuming the same color as the
neurotransmitter and changing is shape at the bottom in order
to make it capable of binding o the G protein.
and subsequent chemical messengers. Having many
PV ALY IRl S S
G-protein-links od ion-channel-linked
neurotransmitter
neurotransmitter hormone
First Messenger v
l — membrane
& Ras/Raf/MEK
| ) hormone
nuclear
Y
receptor
complex
ERK/RSK/
MAPK/GSK-3
Fourth Messenger/
\ HRE
Gene Expression
cell nucleus
, Comprehensive Study Guide D345
4
Activating a Third-Messenger Kinase through Cyclic AMP
first messenger
=1L
neurotransmitter
"
messenger
\
inactive o third messenger
protein kinase active protein kinase
e 4. Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics are factors that affect
both.
o Pharmacokinetics- What the BODY does to the drug or how it is
processed by the body.
o Pharmacodynamics- What the Drug does to the body and how it
produces the therapeutic effect. The MOA.
o Pharmacokinetics processes vary between patients because they
are affected by body factors such as gender, age, weight,
genetics, and also drug-drug interactions. The process is
affected by a pregnancy and a patient's pathophysiology.
o Pharmacodynamics is another process involving the
relationship between drug concentration at the site of action
and its effects. Medication binding determines drug impact at
the site of movement with a receptor. Understanding each
medication's full range of receptor interactions is critical
* 5. Agonist, antagonist, partial agonist, inverse agonist, depolarization,
repolarization
o Agonist- Substance which initiates a physiological response
when combined with a receptor.
0 Antagonist- Substance that interferes/inhibits the physiological
action of another.
o Partial Agonist- Binds to a receptor and activates it, but to a
lesser extent than a full agonist.
