FUNDAMENTALS
EXAM REVIEW 2
STUDY GUIDE GALLEN
COLLEGE OF NURSING
2026 .
, Chapter 22:
1. Interview:
a. has to be your patient unless patient is unresponsive/altered thinking ex. Talking to the patient’s
family member for medical information if the patient is disoriented
2. General assessment:
a. First thing while preforming an assessment is observing for symmetry and general appearance
3. Abdominal assessment: auscultate before you palpate
a. Listening for bowel sounds, stethoscopes’ earpiece has to be facing forward
b. Using the diaphragm to listen lung sounds unless adventitious then you would use the bell
c. Palpate for masses, distensions, tenderness, swelling, or growth using the pads of the fingertips
d. Percussion(tapping) to figure out the density of the organs
4. Basic physical assessment:
a. Head and neck: swelling of the veins, abnormalities in the eyes and mouth
b. Chest (heart and lungs): lung sounds, pleural friction rub, apical pulse (using the bell on the
stethoscope),
i. Lung sounds: (posterior and anterior)- bronchovesicular sounds (heard of the central part
of the chest) and vesicular sounds (soft rustling sound on the peripheral of the lung fields)
ii. Heart: S1 are the “lub” called the tricuspid valve and mitral area and S2 are the “dub”
called the aortic and pulmonic valves
iii. Types of primary skin lesions:
1. Plaque: is superficial like serious, postal is a pus
2. Vesicle: herpes, chicken pox
3. Wheal: insect bite
4. Pustule: yellow, fluid filed; really bad acne
c. Check edema
d. Weigh the patient, take diaper off if weighing a baby, standing scale if the patient can stand,
weigh without shoes
e. Different positioning:
i. Supine positioning: flat on their back
ii. Prone position: on their stomach
iii. Dorsal recumbent: pap smear position
iv. Lithotomy position: body down, legs up
v. Sims position: patient is on their side
vi. Knee chest: on stomach side with
5. Neurologic check:
a. Consensual reflex: both pupils should get smaller when either eye is stimulated by the light
EXAM REVIEW 2
STUDY GUIDE GALLEN
COLLEGE OF NURSING
2026 .
, Chapter 22:
1. Interview:
a. has to be your patient unless patient is unresponsive/altered thinking ex. Talking to the patient’s
family member for medical information if the patient is disoriented
2. General assessment:
a. First thing while preforming an assessment is observing for symmetry and general appearance
3. Abdominal assessment: auscultate before you palpate
a. Listening for bowel sounds, stethoscopes’ earpiece has to be facing forward
b. Using the diaphragm to listen lung sounds unless adventitious then you would use the bell
c. Palpate for masses, distensions, tenderness, swelling, or growth using the pads of the fingertips
d. Percussion(tapping) to figure out the density of the organs
4. Basic physical assessment:
a. Head and neck: swelling of the veins, abnormalities in the eyes and mouth
b. Chest (heart and lungs): lung sounds, pleural friction rub, apical pulse (using the bell on the
stethoscope),
i. Lung sounds: (posterior and anterior)- bronchovesicular sounds (heard of the central part
of the chest) and vesicular sounds (soft rustling sound on the peripheral of the lung fields)
ii. Heart: S1 are the “lub” called the tricuspid valve and mitral area and S2 are the “dub”
called the aortic and pulmonic valves
iii. Types of primary skin lesions:
1. Plaque: is superficial like serious, postal is a pus
2. Vesicle: herpes, chicken pox
3. Wheal: insect bite
4. Pustule: yellow, fluid filed; really bad acne
c. Check edema
d. Weigh the patient, take diaper off if weighing a baby, standing scale if the patient can stand,
weigh without shoes
e. Different positioning:
i. Supine positioning: flat on their back
ii. Prone position: on their stomach
iii. Dorsal recumbent: pap smear position
iv. Lithotomy position: body down, legs up
v. Sims position: patient is on their side
vi. Knee chest: on stomach side with
5. Neurologic check:
a. Consensual reflex: both pupils should get smaller when either eye is stimulated by the light
