HESI Case Study HIV & TB Comprehensive Final
Exam Review 2026 | High-Yield Study Guide
1. Why is it important for the UAP to use personal protective equipment (PPE)
when caring for patients like Jeff?
PPE helps prevent transmission of infections such as TB and protects
both the patient and healthcare worker.
PPE is only necessary for surgical procedures.
PPE is optional if the patient is stable.
PPE does not affect infection control practices.
2. What does induration indicate in the context of tuberculosis testing for an HIV
positive client?
It indicates the presence of HIV.
It indicates a positive reaction to the TB test.
It indicates a need for further testing.
It indicates a negative reaction to the TB test.
3. Describe how the use of latex condoms contributes to infection control in
patients at risk for HIV.
Latex condoms can only protect against bacterial infections.
Latex condoms are primarily used for contraception and do not affect
HIV transmission.
Latex condoms provide a barrier that helps prevent the exchange of
bodily fluids, thereby reducing the risk of HIV transmission.
Latex condoms are ineffective in any infection control measures.
,4. A patient with tuberculosis is in the airborne isolation. What personal
protective equipment should the nurse wear before entering the patient's
room?
A surgical mask and eye protection
A gown and gloves
A N95 respirator
Sterile gloves and gown
5. What is the primary nursing action when assessing a patient at risk for
tuberculosis?
Provide patient education on TB symptoms.
Administer a tuberculosis skin test.
Initiate isolation precautions.
Conduct a thorough health history and physical examination.
6. Describe how Jeff's HIV status impacts his susceptibility to tuberculosis.
Jeff's HIV status only affects his ability to fight off colds.
Jeff's HIV status has no impact on his risk for TB.
Jeff's HIV status compromises his immune system, making him more
vulnerable to infections like TB.
Jeff's HIV status protects him from TB.
7. What is a key nursing response regarding the presence of a partner in the
room during a patient assessment?
The nurse should ensure that the partner is informed about the
patient's condition and any necessary precautions.
, The nurse should ask the partner to leave the room immediately.
The nurse should ignore the partner's presence.
The nurse should only speak to the patient without involving the
partner.
8. The nurse assigns collection of a sputum specimen to an unlicensed assistive
personnel (UAP). Before delegating this task to the UAP, which action is most
important for the nurse to implement?
Review the institutional policy for delegation with the nursing
supervisor.
Assess the client's willingness to allow the UAP to collect the
specimen.
Determine if the UAP received training to collect sputum specimen.
Verify the UAP has read the procedure for collection of sputum
specimen.
9. If the UAP fails to use appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) while
caring for Jeff, what potential consequence could arise?
Increased risk of TB transmission.
Enhanced communication with the patient.
Improved patient recovery time.
Decreased workload for the nurse.
10. What teaching should the nurse implement?
Tell client that tuberculosis (TB) will not be spread to others, and
everything will be okay if the mask is worn.
Exam Review 2026 | High-Yield Study Guide
1. Why is it important for the UAP to use personal protective equipment (PPE)
when caring for patients like Jeff?
PPE helps prevent transmission of infections such as TB and protects
both the patient and healthcare worker.
PPE is only necessary for surgical procedures.
PPE is optional if the patient is stable.
PPE does not affect infection control practices.
2. What does induration indicate in the context of tuberculosis testing for an HIV
positive client?
It indicates the presence of HIV.
It indicates a positive reaction to the TB test.
It indicates a need for further testing.
It indicates a negative reaction to the TB test.
3. Describe how the use of latex condoms contributes to infection control in
patients at risk for HIV.
Latex condoms can only protect against bacterial infections.
Latex condoms are primarily used for contraception and do not affect
HIV transmission.
Latex condoms provide a barrier that helps prevent the exchange of
bodily fluids, thereby reducing the risk of HIV transmission.
Latex condoms are ineffective in any infection control measures.
,4. A patient with tuberculosis is in the airborne isolation. What personal
protective equipment should the nurse wear before entering the patient's
room?
A surgical mask and eye protection
A gown and gloves
A N95 respirator
Sterile gloves and gown
5. What is the primary nursing action when assessing a patient at risk for
tuberculosis?
Provide patient education on TB symptoms.
Administer a tuberculosis skin test.
Initiate isolation precautions.
Conduct a thorough health history and physical examination.
6. Describe how Jeff's HIV status impacts his susceptibility to tuberculosis.
Jeff's HIV status only affects his ability to fight off colds.
Jeff's HIV status has no impact on his risk for TB.
Jeff's HIV status compromises his immune system, making him more
vulnerable to infections like TB.
Jeff's HIV status protects him from TB.
7. What is a key nursing response regarding the presence of a partner in the
room during a patient assessment?
The nurse should ensure that the partner is informed about the
patient's condition and any necessary precautions.
, The nurse should ask the partner to leave the room immediately.
The nurse should ignore the partner's presence.
The nurse should only speak to the patient without involving the
partner.
8. The nurse assigns collection of a sputum specimen to an unlicensed assistive
personnel (UAP). Before delegating this task to the UAP, which action is most
important for the nurse to implement?
Review the institutional policy for delegation with the nursing
supervisor.
Assess the client's willingness to allow the UAP to collect the
specimen.
Determine if the UAP received training to collect sputum specimen.
Verify the UAP has read the procedure for collection of sputum
specimen.
9. If the UAP fails to use appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) while
caring for Jeff, what potential consequence could arise?
Increased risk of TB transmission.
Enhanced communication with the patient.
Improved patient recovery time.
Decreased workload for the nurse.
10. What teaching should the nurse implement?
Tell client that tuberculosis (TB) will not be spread to others, and
everything will be okay if the mask is worn.
