APEA PATHOPHYSIOLOGY ACTUAL EXAM REVIEW
2026 LATEST EDITION 180 QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES
GUARANTEE A+ GRADE
1. The pediatric orthopedic condition described as osteonecrosis of the capital
femoral epiphysis due to interrupted vascular supply that results in ischemia and
alteration in cartilage growth is:
A. Toxic synovitis
B. Legg-Calve-Perthes disease
C. Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia
D. Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis
-Answer-: B
Rationale: Legg-Calve-Perthes disease is characterized by avascular necrosis of the
femoral head epiphysis in children.
2. A 54-year-old woman reports left wrist stiffness at rest and with movement.
An X-ray of the left wrist identifies joint space narrowing, bony erosion in the
joint, and reduced bone density surrounding the joint. What is the probable
diagnosis?
A. Bursitis
B. Osteoarthritis
C. Systemic lupus
D. Rheumatoid arthritis
-Answer-: D
Rationale: The presence of joint space narrowing, bony erosion, and periarticular
osteopenia is characteristic of rheumatoid arthritis.
, 3. A lateral deviation of the spinal column that may cause rotation or deformity
in the vertebrae is termed:
A. Scoliosis
B. Osteoporosis
C. Legg Calve Perthes disease
D. Osgood Schlatter disease
-Answer-: A
Rationale: Scoliosis is defined as lateral curvature of the spine with potential
vertebral rotation.
4. Synovial fluid does NOT:
A. Reduce the friction between articular cartilage of synovial joints during
movement
B. Provide nutrition to the avascular articular cartilage
C. Regenerate bone epiphyses
D. Aid in shock absorption
-Answer-: C
Rationale: Synovial fluid lubricates joints and nourishes cartilage but does not
regenerate bone tissue.
5. The most common site of curvature in a patient with scoliosis is:
A. The left cervical spine
B. The right lumbar spine
C. The left lumbar spine
D. The right thoracic spine
-Answer-: D
Rationale: Thoracic scoliosis, particularly right-sided, is the most common
presentation.
6. The pathologic hallmark of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis is:
A. Inflamed synovial tissue
B. Osteophyte development
2026 LATEST EDITION 180 QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES
GUARANTEE A+ GRADE
1. The pediatric orthopedic condition described as osteonecrosis of the capital
femoral epiphysis due to interrupted vascular supply that results in ischemia and
alteration in cartilage growth is:
A. Toxic synovitis
B. Legg-Calve-Perthes disease
C. Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia
D. Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis
-Answer-: B
Rationale: Legg-Calve-Perthes disease is characterized by avascular necrosis of the
femoral head epiphysis in children.
2. A 54-year-old woman reports left wrist stiffness at rest and with movement.
An X-ray of the left wrist identifies joint space narrowing, bony erosion in the
joint, and reduced bone density surrounding the joint. What is the probable
diagnosis?
A. Bursitis
B. Osteoarthritis
C. Systemic lupus
D. Rheumatoid arthritis
-Answer-: D
Rationale: The presence of joint space narrowing, bony erosion, and periarticular
osteopenia is characteristic of rheumatoid arthritis.
, 3. A lateral deviation of the spinal column that may cause rotation or deformity
in the vertebrae is termed:
A. Scoliosis
B. Osteoporosis
C. Legg Calve Perthes disease
D. Osgood Schlatter disease
-Answer-: A
Rationale: Scoliosis is defined as lateral curvature of the spine with potential
vertebral rotation.
4. Synovial fluid does NOT:
A. Reduce the friction between articular cartilage of synovial joints during
movement
B. Provide nutrition to the avascular articular cartilage
C. Regenerate bone epiphyses
D. Aid in shock absorption
-Answer-: C
Rationale: Synovial fluid lubricates joints and nourishes cartilage but does not
regenerate bone tissue.
5. The most common site of curvature in a patient with scoliosis is:
A. The left cervical spine
B. The right lumbar spine
C. The left lumbar spine
D. The right thoracic spine
-Answer-: D
Rationale: Thoracic scoliosis, particularly right-sided, is the most common
presentation.
6. The pathologic hallmark of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis is:
A. Inflamed synovial tissue
B. Osteophyte development
