PSY 333 Exam 4 Study Guide: Advanced Abnormal Psychology Review
computerized axial tomography (CT scan) - ✔✔creates a computerized image using x-rays
passed through the brain (had radiation)
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) - ✔✔brain-imaging method using radio waves and
magnetic fields of the body to produce detailed images of the brain
diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) - ✔✔a technique used to produce images of the brain that
shows structural connectivity (white matter tracts)
is a MRI technique
functional imaging - ✔✔metabolic activity inferred from glucose utilization or blood oxygen
level
positron emission tomography (PET) - ✔✔a method of brain imaging that assesses metabolic
activity by using a radioactive tracer injected into the bloodstream
function MRI (fMRI) - ✔✔Technique used to reveal the blood flow and brain activity by
comparing successive MRI scans, this shows the brains function
measures regional activity and functional connectivity by looking not just at structure, but
correlations in activity between regions
- task-related vs resting state
electroencephalography (EEG) - ✔✔measuring underlying electric activity from brain using
electrodes place on head
,event-related potential (ERP) - ✔✔Electrical changes in the brain that correspond to the brain's
response to a specific event; measured with EEG
t/f different kinds of stimulus are thought to trigger different kinds of ERPs - ✔✔true (example
= P300 and P600)
EEG advantages - ✔✔fast response
EEG disadvantages - ✔✔poor spatial resolution
MRI advantages - ✔✔high spatial resolution
MRI disadvantages - ✔✔slow response
the corticolimbic system - ✔✔- prefrontal cortex (esp ventromedial PFC)
- anterior cingulate cortex
- amygdala
- insula
- hippocampus
prefrontal cortex (esp ventromedial PFC) - ✔✔- part of corticolimbic system
- slower, more controlled evaluation of emotional information
- top-down regulation of amygdala (amygdala responds immediately, PFC evaluates)
anterior cingulate cortex - ✔✔- part of corticolimbic system
- modulation of emotional responses
, - conflict monitoring
- intermediary between PFC and amygdala
amygdala - ✔✔- part of corticolimbic system
- rapid processing of emotional information
- example = immediate fear response
insula - ✔✔- part of corticolimbic system
- self-awareness (emotional and physical)
- self reflection and awareness of bodily processes
hippocampus - ✔✔- part of corticolimbic system
- important for learning and memory
- explicit memory
- helps evaluate significance of emotional stimuli
the reward system - ✔✔- ventral striatum/nucleus accumbens --> dopamine pathway
- PFC can modulate this pathway
- reward processing and learning
default mode network - ✔✔- active when brain is at rest
- thinking about self and others
- remembering past and planning future
- rumination
computerized axial tomography (CT scan) - ✔✔creates a computerized image using x-rays
passed through the brain (had radiation)
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) - ✔✔brain-imaging method using radio waves and
magnetic fields of the body to produce detailed images of the brain
diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) - ✔✔a technique used to produce images of the brain that
shows structural connectivity (white matter tracts)
is a MRI technique
functional imaging - ✔✔metabolic activity inferred from glucose utilization or blood oxygen
level
positron emission tomography (PET) - ✔✔a method of brain imaging that assesses metabolic
activity by using a radioactive tracer injected into the bloodstream
function MRI (fMRI) - ✔✔Technique used to reveal the blood flow and brain activity by
comparing successive MRI scans, this shows the brains function
measures regional activity and functional connectivity by looking not just at structure, but
correlations in activity between regions
- task-related vs resting state
electroencephalography (EEG) - ✔✔measuring underlying electric activity from brain using
electrodes place on head
,event-related potential (ERP) - ✔✔Electrical changes in the brain that correspond to the brain's
response to a specific event; measured with EEG
t/f different kinds of stimulus are thought to trigger different kinds of ERPs - ✔✔true (example
= P300 and P600)
EEG advantages - ✔✔fast response
EEG disadvantages - ✔✔poor spatial resolution
MRI advantages - ✔✔high spatial resolution
MRI disadvantages - ✔✔slow response
the corticolimbic system - ✔✔- prefrontal cortex (esp ventromedial PFC)
- anterior cingulate cortex
- amygdala
- insula
- hippocampus
prefrontal cortex (esp ventromedial PFC) - ✔✔- part of corticolimbic system
- slower, more controlled evaluation of emotional information
- top-down regulation of amygdala (amygdala responds immediately, PFC evaluates)
anterior cingulate cortex - ✔✔- part of corticolimbic system
- modulation of emotional responses
, - conflict monitoring
- intermediary between PFC and amygdala
amygdala - ✔✔- part of corticolimbic system
- rapid processing of emotional information
- example = immediate fear response
insula - ✔✔- part of corticolimbic system
- self-awareness (emotional and physical)
- self reflection and awareness of bodily processes
hippocampus - ✔✔- part of corticolimbic system
- important for learning and memory
- explicit memory
- helps evaluate significance of emotional stimuli
the reward system - ✔✔- ventral striatum/nucleus accumbens --> dopamine pathway
- PFC can modulate this pathway
- reward processing and learning
default mode network - ✔✔- active when brain is at rest
- thinking about self and others
- remembering past and planning future
- rumination
