FINAL EXAM KEY CONCEPTS: ESSENTIALS OF
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MODULES 1-10 COMPLETE STUDY
GUIDE
Module 1
• Low potassium (Hypokalemia) – Monitor heart-EKG. Heart abnormalities
• Alarm stage of adaptation syndrome – increase in heart rate- produce cortisol
catecolamines.
• Catecholamines – body response-increase HR and BP, bronchial dialation.
• Function of Albumin- helps maintain invascual volume, osmotic pressure pulls
fluid into the
---space.
• Function of Aldosterone- causes retention of sodium- increase BP
• What is allostasis- restoring of homeostasis
• Different fluid compartments- intravascular, interstitual-edema
• Stress response- blood sugar goes high
Module 2
*Colonoscopy screening after 50 years- every 10 years.
*Adolescent girls and breast self-examination screening-every month
*Primary function of bone marrow-produces blood components
*Assessment findings with localized inflammation- bumos redness swelling
*Leukocytosis means -- WBCs
*What is Leukemia? Blood cancer-abnormal proliferation of WBCs
Module 3
• What happends with Gout? Abnormal uric acid metabolism- uric acid
accumulates in the joint
• What is Collagen fibres? Scar formation
• What process results in osteoporosis? Imbalance in bone resorption and
formation
• What does purulent exudate and serous exudate means? Purulent- puss
bacteria serous- transparent
• Priority assessment with myasthenia crisis- muscles- paraysis or respiration- vent
or O2 therapy
• Complication with compartment syndrome- pain and tissue damage.
Module 4
*Stress and peptic ulcer relation.- too much stress, decreased blood flow to GI wall,
develops ulcer.
* Cause of Hirschsprung’s disease- develops due to lack of nerves, issues with ridding
feces.
*Function of parietal cells of gastric mucosa- secretes – absorption of vitmin B12
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MODULES 1-10 COMPLETE STUDY
GUIDE
Module 1
• Low potassium (Hypokalemia) – Monitor heart-EKG. Heart abnormalities
• Alarm stage of adaptation syndrome – increase in heart rate- produce cortisol
catecolamines.
• Catecholamines – body response-increase HR and BP, bronchial dialation.
• Function of Albumin- helps maintain invascual volume, osmotic pressure pulls
fluid into the
---space.
• Function of Aldosterone- causes retention of sodium- increase BP
• What is allostasis- restoring of homeostasis
• Different fluid compartments- intravascular, interstitual-edema
• Stress response- blood sugar goes high
Module 2
*Colonoscopy screening after 50 years- every 10 years.
*Adolescent girls and breast self-examination screening-every month
*Primary function of bone marrow-produces blood components
*Assessment findings with localized inflammation- bumos redness swelling
*Leukocytosis means -- WBCs
*What is Leukemia? Blood cancer-abnormal proliferation of WBCs
Module 3
• What happends with Gout? Abnormal uric acid metabolism- uric acid
accumulates in the joint
• What is Collagen fibres? Scar formation
• What process results in osteoporosis? Imbalance in bone resorption and
formation
• What does purulent exudate and serous exudate means? Purulent- puss
bacteria serous- transparent
• Priority assessment with myasthenia crisis- muscles- paraysis or respiration- vent
or O2 therapy
• Complication with compartment syndrome- pain and tissue damage.
Module 4
*Stress and peptic ulcer relation.- too much stress, decreased blood flow to GI wall,
develops ulcer.
* Cause of Hirschsprung’s disease- develops due to lack of nerves, issues with ridding
feces.
*Function of parietal cells of gastric mucosa- secretes – absorption of vitmin B12
