Chamberlain University
1 MAXE 422 RN
★ ★
College of Nursing & Public Health
C
C A R E • CO M P E T E N C E • CO N F I D E N C E
EST. 1889
NR 224 — Fundamentals of Nursing
E X A M 1 : I N F E C T I O N CO N T R O L , M O B I L I TY, V I TA L S I G N S & A S E P S I S
INSTITUTION Chamberlain University — COURSE NR 224 – Fundamentals of
College of Nursing & Public Nursing
Health
EXAM VERSION Latest Update TOTAL QUESTIONS 31 Q&A with Clinical Rationale
FORMAT Multiple Choice – Select the GRADE A – 100% Correct Verified
Single Best Answer Answers
EXAMINATION STUDY GUIDE
▸ This document contains verified Q&A for NR 224 Fundamentals of Nursing Exam 1 (2025/2026 Update).
▸ Covers chain of infection, transmission-based precautions, PPE, medical/surgical asepsis, mobility aids, crutch
gaits, patient positioning, and immobility complications.
▸ Each answer includes clinical rationale based on evidence-based practice and Chamberlain University nursing
curriculum standards.
▸ Use this guide to prepare for the exam and for clinical application in foundational nursing practice.
SECTION I — INFECTION CONTROL & CHAIN OF INFECTION Q1–Q9
1. What are the six links in the chain of infection?
CORRECT ANSWER: 1. Pathogen; 2. Reservoir; 3. Portal of exit; 4. Mode of transmission; 5. Portal of entry; 6.
Susceptible host.
RATIONALE: Breaking any link in the chain prevents infection transmission. Understanding the chain guides
infection control practices. Infectious agent: bacteria/virus/fungi/parasite. Reservoir: where agent lives (people,
animals, soil, food, water). Portal of exit: how agent leaves (coughing, sneezing, feces, blood). Mode of transmission:
how agent travels (direct, indirect, droplet, airborne, vector). Portal of entry: how agent enters (mouth, nose, eyes,
cuts, mucous membranes). Susceptible host: vulnerable person (elderly, infants, immunocompromised).
2. What are hand hygiene and standard precautions?
CORRECT ANSWER: Prevent/control infection spread. Generic barrier techniques for all patients. Alcohol
hand antiseptic before/after care. Wash with soap/water when visibly soiled. Clean gloves when touching
potentially contaminated items.
RATIONALE: Hand hygiene is the single most effective infection control measure. Standard precautions apply to ALL
patients regardless of diagnosis and include hand hygiene, PPE, safe injection practices, and respiratory
hygiene/cough etiquette.
, 3. What is asepsis?
CORRECT ANSWER: Absence of pathogenic microorganisms.
RATIONALE: Aseptic technique includes practices that reduce infection risk. Medical asepsis (clean technique)
reduces organism numbers. Surgical asepsis (sterile technique) eliminates all microorganisms and prevents
contamination of open wounds, surgical sites, and invasive procedure areas.
4. What are Contact Precautions and when are they used?
CORRECT ANSWER: Used for scabies, MRSA, wound infection. Private/shared room if same infection. Mask,
gown, and gloves required.
RATIONALE: Contact precautions prevent transmission via direct or indirect contact. Gowns and gloves must be
removed before leaving the room. Dedicated equipment or disinfect between patients. Organisms include MRSA, VRE,
C. difficile, RSV, and wound infections.
5. What are Droplet Precautions and when are they used?
CORRECT ANSWER: Protects against large droplets (3-6 ft). Used for influenza and pneumonia. Private room,
mask, gown, gloves, and face shield/goggles required.
RATIONALE: Droplets travel short distances (3-6 feet). Mask should be worn within 3-6 feet of the patient. Organisms
include influenza, pertussis, rubella, mumps, meningitis, and pneumonia. Patient should wear a mask during
transport.
6. What are Airborne Precautions and when are they used?
CORRECT ANSWER: Used for small droplets - TB, COVID. Requires N95 respirator, gown/gloves, and negative
pressure room.
RATIONALE: Airborne particles remain suspended in air for long periods. Negative pressure rooms and N95 masks
are essential. Mnemonic MTV: Measles, Tuberculosis, Varicella (chickenpox) = airborne precautions. COVID-19 also
requires airborne precautions per CDC guidelines.
7. What are Neutropenic (Protective) Precautions?
CORRECT ANSWER: For immunocompromised patients (chemo/stem cell transplant). Positive pressure
room, mask/gown/gloves, no fresh fruit/veggies/flowers, private room.
RATIONALE: Protective precautions protect the patient from outside pathogens, not the other way around. Fresh
produce may harbor bacteria harmful to neutropenic patients. Healthcare workers with infections should not care for
these patients.
1 MAXE 422 RN
★ ★
College of Nursing & Public Health
C
C A R E • CO M P E T E N C E • CO N F I D E N C E
EST. 1889
NR 224 — Fundamentals of Nursing
E X A M 1 : I N F E C T I O N CO N T R O L , M O B I L I TY, V I TA L S I G N S & A S E P S I S
INSTITUTION Chamberlain University — COURSE NR 224 – Fundamentals of
College of Nursing & Public Nursing
Health
EXAM VERSION Latest Update TOTAL QUESTIONS 31 Q&A with Clinical Rationale
FORMAT Multiple Choice – Select the GRADE A – 100% Correct Verified
Single Best Answer Answers
EXAMINATION STUDY GUIDE
▸ This document contains verified Q&A for NR 224 Fundamentals of Nursing Exam 1 (2025/2026 Update).
▸ Covers chain of infection, transmission-based precautions, PPE, medical/surgical asepsis, mobility aids, crutch
gaits, patient positioning, and immobility complications.
▸ Each answer includes clinical rationale based on evidence-based practice and Chamberlain University nursing
curriculum standards.
▸ Use this guide to prepare for the exam and for clinical application in foundational nursing practice.
SECTION I — INFECTION CONTROL & CHAIN OF INFECTION Q1–Q9
1. What are the six links in the chain of infection?
CORRECT ANSWER: 1. Pathogen; 2. Reservoir; 3. Portal of exit; 4. Mode of transmission; 5. Portal of entry; 6.
Susceptible host.
RATIONALE: Breaking any link in the chain prevents infection transmission. Understanding the chain guides
infection control practices. Infectious agent: bacteria/virus/fungi/parasite. Reservoir: where agent lives (people,
animals, soil, food, water). Portal of exit: how agent leaves (coughing, sneezing, feces, blood). Mode of transmission:
how agent travels (direct, indirect, droplet, airborne, vector). Portal of entry: how agent enters (mouth, nose, eyes,
cuts, mucous membranes). Susceptible host: vulnerable person (elderly, infants, immunocompromised).
2. What are hand hygiene and standard precautions?
CORRECT ANSWER: Prevent/control infection spread. Generic barrier techniques for all patients. Alcohol
hand antiseptic before/after care. Wash with soap/water when visibly soiled. Clean gloves when touching
potentially contaminated items.
RATIONALE: Hand hygiene is the single most effective infection control measure. Standard precautions apply to ALL
patients regardless of diagnosis and include hand hygiene, PPE, safe injection practices, and respiratory
hygiene/cough etiquette.
, 3. What is asepsis?
CORRECT ANSWER: Absence of pathogenic microorganisms.
RATIONALE: Aseptic technique includes practices that reduce infection risk. Medical asepsis (clean technique)
reduces organism numbers. Surgical asepsis (sterile technique) eliminates all microorganisms and prevents
contamination of open wounds, surgical sites, and invasive procedure areas.
4. What are Contact Precautions and when are they used?
CORRECT ANSWER: Used for scabies, MRSA, wound infection. Private/shared room if same infection. Mask,
gown, and gloves required.
RATIONALE: Contact precautions prevent transmission via direct or indirect contact. Gowns and gloves must be
removed before leaving the room. Dedicated equipment or disinfect between patients. Organisms include MRSA, VRE,
C. difficile, RSV, and wound infections.
5. What are Droplet Precautions and when are they used?
CORRECT ANSWER: Protects against large droplets (3-6 ft). Used for influenza and pneumonia. Private room,
mask, gown, gloves, and face shield/goggles required.
RATIONALE: Droplets travel short distances (3-6 feet). Mask should be worn within 3-6 feet of the patient. Organisms
include influenza, pertussis, rubella, mumps, meningitis, and pneumonia. Patient should wear a mask during
transport.
6. What are Airborne Precautions and when are they used?
CORRECT ANSWER: Used for small droplets - TB, COVID. Requires N95 respirator, gown/gloves, and negative
pressure room.
RATIONALE: Airborne particles remain suspended in air for long periods. Negative pressure rooms and N95 masks
are essential. Mnemonic MTV: Measles, Tuberculosis, Varicella (chickenpox) = airborne precautions. COVID-19 also
requires airborne precautions per CDC guidelines.
7. What are Neutropenic (Protective) Precautions?
CORRECT ANSWER: For immunocompromised patients (chemo/stem cell transplant). Positive pressure
room, mask/gown/gloves, no fresh fruit/veggies/flowers, private room.
RATIONALE: Protective precautions protect the patient from outside pathogens, not the other way around. Fresh
produce may harbor bacteria harmful to neutropenic patients. Healthcare workers with infections should not care for
these patients.
