Fundamentals of Nursing Program
1 MAXE 422 RN
★ ★
NR
NR 224 — Foundations of Professional Nursing Practice
E XC E L L E N C E I N F O U N D AT I O N A L N U RS I N G E D U C AT I O N
EST. 2020
NR 224 — Fundamentals of Nursing
E X A M 1 — L AT E ST E D I T I O N | Q & A G U I D E | G R A D E A V E R I F I E D
PROGRAM Fundamentals of Nursing / Pre- COURSE NR 224 – Fundamentals of
Licensure Nursing
EXAM VERSION Latest Edition / Current Update TOTAL QUESTIONS 30 Q&A with Clinical Rationale
FORMAT Multiple Choice – Select the GRADE A – 100% Correct Verified
Single Best Answer Answers
EXAMINATION REVIEW GUIDE
▸ This document contains verified Q&A for NR 224 Fundamentals of Nursing Exam 1.
▸ Covers critical thinking, nursing process, evidence-based practice, patient safety, and foundational nursing
concepts.
▸ Each answer includes clinical rationale and key teaching points for nursing practice.
▸ Use this guide to prepare for the exam and for clinical application in foundational nursing.
SECTION I — CRITICAL THINKING & NURSING PROCESS Q1–Q15
1. What is critical thinking in nursing?
CORRECT ANSWER: The ability to think in a systematic and logical manner with openness to question and
reflect on the reasoning process.
RATIONALE: Critical thinking requires systematic analysis and reflection on the reasoning process. It involves
questioning assumptions and considering multiple perspectives. Critical thinking is essential for safe, effective
nursing practice and clinical judgment.
2. What are the characteristics of critical thinking?
CORRECT ANSWER: Open-mindedness, continual inquiry, perseverance, willingness to look at each unique
patient situation and determine which identified assumptions are true and relevant.
RATIONALE: Open-mindedness allows nurses to consider alternative explanations for patient symptoms. Continual
inquiry means seeking evidence-based answers. Perseverance involves working through complex problems despite
challenges. These characteristics enable nurses to provide individualized, evidence-based care.
, 3. Which of the following is a component of the nursing process?
CORRECT ANSWER: Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation, Evaluation (ADPIE).
RATIONALE: The nursing process is a systematic, critical-thinking framework used to guide patient care. The five
steps are: Assessment (collect data), Diagnosis (identify problems), Planning (set goals), Implementation (perform
interventions), and Evaluation (assess outcomes).
4. What is the primary purpose of the nursing process?
CORRECT ANSWER: To provide a standardized, evidence-based framework for delivering patient-centered
care.
RATIONALE: The nursing process ensures that care is systematic, individualized, and outcome-focused. It promotes
critical thinking and clinical judgment, leading to safer, more effective patient outcomes. It is not merely a checklist
but a dynamic decision-making framework.
5. During which phase of the nursing process does the nurse collect subjective and objective data?
CORRECT ANSWER: Assessment phase.
RATIONALE: Assessment is the first step of the nursing process, where the nurse systematically collects, organizes,
and validates data about the patient's health status. Subjective data comes from the patient; objective data is
observed or measured.
6. A nurse formulates the following statement: "Impaired skin integrity related to immobility as
evidenced by stage 2 pressure injury on sacrum." This is an example of which step of the nursing
process?
CORRECT ANSWER: Nursing diagnosis.
RATIONALE: The nursing diagnosis is a clinical judgment about a patient's actual or potential health problem. It
consists of three parts: problem (NANDA label), etiology (related to), and defining characteristics (as evidenced by).
This guides the planning of nursing interventions.
7. What is the difference between a medical diagnosis and a nursing diagnosis?
CORRECT ANSWER: Medical diagnosis identifies a disease or pathology; nursing diagnosis identifies a
patient's response to health problems.
RATIONALE: Medical diagnoses focus on disease processes and are treated with medical interventions (e.g.,
medications, surgery). Nursing diagnoses focus on human responses (pain, anxiety, knowledge deficit) and are
treated with independent nursing interventions within the scope of nursing practice.
1 MAXE 422 RN
★ ★
NR
NR 224 — Foundations of Professional Nursing Practice
E XC E L L E N C E I N F O U N D AT I O N A L N U RS I N G E D U C AT I O N
EST. 2020
NR 224 — Fundamentals of Nursing
E X A M 1 — L AT E ST E D I T I O N | Q & A G U I D E | G R A D E A V E R I F I E D
PROGRAM Fundamentals of Nursing / Pre- COURSE NR 224 – Fundamentals of
Licensure Nursing
EXAM VERSION Latest Edition / Current Update TOTAL QUESTIONS 30 Q&A with Clinical Rationale
FORMAT Multiple Choice – Select the GRADE A – 100% Correct Verified
Single Best Answer Answers
EXAMINATION REVIEW GUIDE
▸ This document contains verified Q&A for NR 224 Fundamentals of Nursing Exam 1.
▸ Covers critical thinking, nursing process, evidence-based practice, patient safety, and foundational nursing
concepts.
▸ Each answer includes clinical rationale and key teaching points for nursing practice.
▸ Use this guide to prepare for the exam and for clinical application in foundational nursing.
SECTION I — CRITICAL THINKING & NURSING PROCESS Q1–Q15
1. What is critical thinking in nursing?
CORRECT ANSWER: The ability to think in a systematic and logical manner with openness to question and
reflect on the reasoning process.
RATIONALE: Critical thinking requires systematic analysis and reflection on the reasoning process. It involves
questioning assumptions and considering multiple perspectives. Critical thinking is essential for safe, effective
nursing practice and clinical judgment.
2. What are the characteristics of critical thinking?
CORRECT ANSWER: Open-mindedness, continual inquiry, perseverance, willingness to look at each unique
patient situation and determine which identified assumptions are true and relevant.
RATIONALE: Open-mindedness allows nurses to consider alternative explanations for patient symptoms. Continual
inquiry means seeking evidence-based answers. Perseverance involves working through complex problems despite
challenges. These characteristics enable nurses to provide individualized, evidence-based care.
, 3. Which of the following is a component of the nursing process?
CORRECT ANSWER: Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation, Evaluation (ADPIE).
RATIONALE: The nursing process is a systematic, critical-thinking framework used to guide patient care. The five
steps are: Assessment (collect data), Diagnosis (identify problems), Planning (set goals), Implementation (perform
interventions), and Evaluation (assess outcomes).
4. What is the primary purpose of the nursing process?
CORRECT ANSWER: To provide a standardized, evidence-based framework for delivering patient-centered
care.
RATIONALE: The nursing process ensures that care is systematic, individualized, and outcome-focused. It promotes
critical thinking and clinical judgment, leading to safer, more effective patient outcomes. It is not merely a checklist
but a dynamic decision-making framework.
5. During which phase of the nursing process does the nurse collect subjective and objective data?
CORRECT ANSWER: Assessment phase.
RATIONALE: Assessment is the first step of the nursing process, where the nurse systematically collects, organizes,
and validates data about the patient's health status. Subjective data comes from the patient; objective data is
observed or measured.
6. A nurse formulates the following statement: "Impaired skin integrity related to immobility as
evidenced by stage 2 pressure injury on sacrum." This is an example of which step of the nursing
process?
CORRECT ANSWER: Nursing diagnosis.
RATIONALE: The nursing diagnosis is a clinical judgment about a patient's actual or potential health problem. It
consists of three parts: problem (NANDA label), etiology (related to), and defining characteristics (as evidenced by).
This guides the planning of nursing interventions.
7. What is the difference between a medical diagnosis and a nursing diagnosis?
CORRECT ANSWER: Medical diagnosis identifies a disease or pathology; nursing diagnosis identifies a
patient's response to health problems.
RATIONALE: Medical diagnoses focus on disease processes and are treated with medical interventions (e.g.,
medications, surgery). Nursing diagnoses focus on human responses (pain, anxiety, knowledge deficit) and are
treated with independent nursing interventions within the scope of nursing practice.
