PSY 333 Exam 4 Study Guide: Advanced Abnormal Psychology Review
Reasoning - correct answer ✔✔Flexibility/adaptability of responses is a necessary indicator
Jane Goodall - correct answer ✔✔____was the first to discover non-human tool use.
Chimpanzees termite fishing
"Now we must redefine tool, redefine man, or accept chimpanzees as humans" - correct answer
✔✔Dr. Louis Leaky
Tool - correct answer ✔✔External object used to gain a desired end. Can be flexibly adapted to
new circumstances. Can be used to make other objects or to facilitate activities, such as
obtaining food. Not of immediate use by themselves
Ant Lion - correct answer ✔✔Digs pit to capture prey. Not a flexible behavior. If situation
changed, the Ant Lion could not adapt. NOT tool use.
Modification of Tools - correct answer ✔✔Chimps stripping leaves off of stem for termite
fishing. Crows modify branches/stems to catch insects/larvae.
Learned behavior - correct answer ✔✔Adult animals use tools more efficiently than their
young. This means that tool use is in-part ___
Crows (Betty) Tool Use - correct answer ✔✔Study where they gave Betty a straight wire and a
male crow a hooked wire. Betty bent the wire without being taught and retrieved the food. 9/10
times Betty bent the wire. Crows can use objects not from their natural environment as tools.
Hermit Crabs Tool Use - correct answer ✔✔Pick up sea anemone and used it as a shield
, Asian Elephants Tool Use - correct answer ✔✔Use tree limbs to swat flies. Sometimes will
modify these branches. Use tufts of grass to wipe off blood and stop up wounds.
Sea Otters Tool Use - correct answer ✔✔Break open mollusks using rocks on their chests. Also
break lobsters/crabs open on rocks
Capuchin Monkeys Tool Use - correct answer ✔✔Big rock and smaller rock (hammer and anvil)
to crack open nuts.
Chimpanzees Tool Use - correct answer ✔✔Use rocks to open nuts
Gorillas Tool Use - correct answer ✔✔Female gorilla used branch as walking stick or to test the
depth of the water. Shows that animals use tools for tasks other than to get food.
Egyptian Vultures Tool Use - correct answer ✔✔Drop rocks on ostrich eggs to open
Octopi Tool Use - correct answer ✔✔Coconut shells used as protection. Taking two halves and
closing itself inside.
Green-Backed Herons Tool Use - correct answer ✔✔Obtain bait, throw it into water, wait for
fish to come to the surface, then they catch the fish.
Orangutans Tool Use - correct answer ✔✔Use kiss-squeak to scare off predators. Use leaves to
make the sound louder.
Insight - correct answer ✔✔Initial failure to sudden success. NOT trial and error.
Kohler (1925) Insight - correct answer ✔✔Chimpanzees. Block-stacking task. Hung a banana,
saw if chimp would stack boxes to reach banana. Issues: we don't know what prior experience
Reasoning - correct answer ✔✔Flexibility/adaptability of responses is a necessary indicator
Jane Goodall - correct answer ✔✔____was the first to discover non-human tool use.
Chimpanzees termite fishing
"Now we must redefine tool, redefine man, or accept chimpanzees as humans" - correct answer
✔✔Dr. Louis Leaky
Tool - correct answer ✔✔External object used to gain a desired end. Can be flexibly adapted to
new circumstances. Can be used to make other objects or to facilitate activities, such as
obtaining food. Not of immediate use by themselves
Ant Lion - correct answer ✔✔Digs pit to capture prey. Not a flexible behavior. If situation
changed, the Ant Lion could not adapt. NOT tool use.
Modification of Tools - correct answer ✔✔Chimps stripping leaves off of stem for termite
fishing. Crows modify branches/stems to catch insects/larvae.
Learned behavior - correct answer ✔✔Adult animals use tools more efficiently than their
young. This means that tool use is in-part ___
Crows (Betty) Tool Use - correct answer ✔✔Study where they gave Betty a straight wire and a
male crow a hooked wire. Betty bent the wire without being taught and retrieved the food. 9/10
times Betty bent the wire. Crows can use objects not from their natural environment as tools.
Hermit Crabs Tool Use - correct answer ✔✔Pick up sea anemone and used it as a shield
, Asian Elephants Tool Use - correct answer ✔✔Use tree limbs to swat flies. Sometimes will
modify these branches. Use tufts of grass to wipe off blood and stop up wounds.
Sea Otters Tool Use - correct answer ✔✔Break open mollusks using rocks on their chests. Also
break lobsters/crabs open on rocks
Capuchin Monkeys Tool Use - correct answer ✔✔Big rock and smaller rock (hammer and anvil)
to crack open nuts.
Chimpanzees Tool Use - correct answer ✔✔Use rocks to open nuts
Gorillas Tool Use - correct answer ✔✔Female gorilla used branch as walking stick or to test the
depth of the water. Shows that animals use tools for tasks other than to get food.
Egyptian Vultures Tool Use - correct answer ✔✔Drop rocks on ostrich eggs to open
Octopi Tool Use - correct answer ✔✔Coconut shells used as protection. Taking two halves and
closing itself inside.
Green-Backed Herons Tool Use - correct answer ✔✔Obtain bait, throw it into water, wait for
fish to come to the surface, then they catch the fish.
Orangutans Tool Use - correct answer ✔✔Use kiss-squeak to scare off predators. Use leaves to
make the sound louder.
Insight - correct answer ✔✔Initial failure to sudden success. NOT trial and error.
Kohler (1925) Insight - correct answer ✔✔Chimpanzees. Block-stacking task. Hung a banana,
saw if chimp would stack boxes to reach banana. Issues: we don't know what prior experience
