PSY 333 Exam 5 Study Guide: Advanced Abnormal Psychology Review
Learning disorders - correct answer ✔✔is a diagnostic term referring to specific problems in
reading, math, and writing ability
math - correct answer ✔✔difficulty in recognizing numbers and symbols, memorizing facts,
aligning numbers, understanding abstract concepts.
reading/dyslexia - correct answer ✔✔disorder characterized by difficulty with learning to read
fluently and with accurate comprehension despite normal or above average intelligence.
writing - correct answer ✔✔often associated with problems with eye/hand coordination (which
leads to poor writing), despite normal gross motor movement. typically produce shorter, less
interesting, and poorly organized essays, less likely to review spelling, punctuation, and
grammar to increase clarity.
communication disorders - correct answer ✔✔is a diagnostic term that refers to difficulty in
producing speech sounds, speech fluency, using spoken language to communicate,
understanding what others say
mixed receptive-expressive language disorder - correct answer ✔✔speaking problems are
coupled with difficulty in understanding some aspects of speech (e.g., complex if-then
sentences)
phonological disorder - correct answer ✔✔language problems that involves articulation or
sound production rather than word knowledge
expressive language disorder - correct answer ✔✔inability to use spoken language to
communicate; characterized by deficits in expression despite normal comprehension of speech.
Often referred to as specific language impairment, child's language matures at least 12 months
, behind his/her chronological age (and not associated with known disorder such as ID). Often
have delayed and slowed speech development, limited vocabulary, and speech marked by short
sentences and simple grammatical structure.
stuttering - correct answer ✔✔the repeated and prolonged pronunciation of certain syllables
that interferes with communication
phonology/phonological awareness - correct answer ✔✔ability to learn and store phonemes as
well as the rules for combining sounds into meaningful units or words, English language has 42
phonemes- ba,ga,tr,at. About 80% of children can use phonemes properly by the age of 7.
Deficits in phonology are a primary reason that individuals with communication and learning
disorders have problems in language-based activities. Phonological awareness- is a broad
construct that includes recognition of the relationship that exists between sounds and letters,
detection of rhyme and alliteration, awareness that sounds can be manipulated within syllables.
decoding - correct answer ✔✔breaking a word into parts rapidly enough to read the whole
word- coupled with problems reading single, small words.
inclusion classrooms - correct answer ✔✔integrate children with special needs into regular
classroom. Based on the premise that combining children with special needs with normally
developing with normally developing peers will spare them from the effects of labeling. Their
special needs will improve based on association.
part of the brain language functions are associated with - correct answer ✔✔problems in
connections between brain areas and less brain activity in left temporal region- phonological
problems may stem from neurological deficits or deviations in posterior left-hemisphere system.
gender difference in diagnosis of learning and communication problems - correct answer
✔✔communication disorders are identified twice as often in boys than girls possibly due to
boys' behavior problems. Learning disorders more common in males (60-80% of school-aged
children.)
Learning disorders - correct answer ✔✔is a diagnostic term referring to specific problems in
reading, math, and writing ability
math - correct answer ✔✔difficulty in recognizing numbers and symbols, memorizing facts,
aligning numbers, understanding abstract concepts.
reading/dyslexia - correct answer ✔✔disorder characterized by difficulty with learning to read
fluently and with accurate comprehension despite normal or above average intelligence.
writing - correct answer ✔✔often associated with problems with eye/hand coordination (which
leads to poor writing), despite normal gross motor movement. typically produce shorter, less
interesting, and poorly organized essays, less likely to review spelling, punctuation, and
grammar to increase clarity.
communication disorders - correct answer ✔✔is a diagnostic term that refers to difficulty in
producing speech sounds, speech fluency, using spoken language to communicate,
understanding what others say
mixed receptive-expressive language disorder - correct answer ✔✔speaking problems are
coupled with difficulty in understanding some aspects of speech (e.g., complex if-then
sentences)
phonological disorder - correct answer ✔✔language problems that involves articulation or
sound production rather than word knowledge
expressive language disorder - correct answer ✔✔inability to use spoken language to
communicate; characterized by deficits in expression despite normal comprehension of speech.
Often referred to as specific language impairment, child's language matures at least 12 months
, behind his/her chronological age (and not associated with known disorder such as ID). Often
have delayed and slowed speech development, limited vocabulary, and speech marked by short
sentences and simple grammatical structure.
stuttering - correct answer ✔✔the repeated and prolonged pronunciation of certain syllables
that interferes with communication
phonology/phonological awareness - correct answer ✔✔ability to learn and store phonemes as
well as the rules for combining sounds into meaningful units or words, English language has 42
phonemes- ba,ga,tr,at. About 80% of children can use phonemes properly by the age of 7.
Deficits in phonology are a primary reason that individuals with communication and learning
disorders have problems in language-based activities. Phonological awareness- is a broad
construct that includes recognition of the relationship that exists between sounds and letters,
detection of rhyme and alliteration, awareness that sounds can be manipulated within syllables.
decoding - correct answer ✔✔breaking a word into parts rapidly enough to read the whole
word- coupled with problems reading single, small words.
inclusion classrooms - correct answer ✔✔integrate children with special needs into regular
classroom. Based on the premise that combining children with special needs with normally
developing with normally developing peers will spare them from the effects of labeling. Their
special needs will improve based on association.
part of the brain language functions are associated with - correct answer ✔✔problems in
connections between brain areas and less brain activity in left temporal region- phonological
problems may stem from neurological deficits or deviations in posterior left-hemisphere system.
gender difference in diagnosis of learning and communication problems - correct answer
✔✔communication disorders are identified twice as often in boys than girls possibly due to
boys' behavior problems. Learning disorders more common in males (60-80% of school-aged
children.)
