Biology 121- Ch.4 Exam Study Questions with Fully
Verified Solutions
Bacteria - Answer prokaryotes that are members of the domain Bacteria, one of the three domains of
living organisms; only distantly related to members of the domain Archaea.
Basal body - Answer a structure derived from a centriole that produces a cilium or flagellum and anchors
this structure within the plasma membrane.
Cell theory - Answer the scientific theory stating that every living organism is made up of one or more
cells; cells are the functional units of all organisms; and all cells arise from preexisting cells.
Cell wall - Answer a layer of material, normally made up of cellulose or cellulose-like materials, that is
outside the plasma membrane of plants, fungi, bacteria, and some protists.
Central vacuole - Answer a large, fluid-filled vacuole occupying most of the volume of many plant cells;
performs several functions, including maintaining turgor pressure.
Centriole - Answer in animal cells, a short, barrel-shaped ring consisting of nine microtubule triplets; a
pair of centrioles is found near the nucleus and may play a role in the organization of the spindle;
centrioles also give rise to the basal bodies at the base of each cilium and flagellum that give rise to the
microtubules of cilia and flagella.
Chrophyll - Answer a pigment found in chloroplasts that captures light energy during photosynthesis;
chlorophyll absorbs violet, blue, and red light but reflects green light.
Chloroplast - Answer the organelle in plants and plantlike protists that is the site of photosynthesis;
surrounded by a double membrane and containing an extensive internal membrane system that bears
chlorophyll.
Chromatin - Answer the complex of DNA and proteins that makes up eukaryotic chromosomes.
Verified Solutions
Bacteria - Answer prokaryotes that are members of the domain Bacteria, one of the three domains of
living organisms; only distantly related to members of the domain Archaea.
Basal body - Answer a structure derived from a centriole that produces a cilium or flagellum and anchors
this structure within the plasma membrane.
Cell theory - Answer the scientific theory stating that every living organism is made up of one or more
cells; cells are the functional units of all organisms; and all cells arise from preexisting cells.
Cell wall - Answer a layer of material, normally made up of cellulose or cellulose-like materials, that is
outside the plasma membrane of plants, fungi, bacteria, and some protists.
Central vacuole - Answer a large, fluid-filled vacuole occupying most of the volume of many plant cells;
performs several functions, including maintaining turgor pressure.
Centriole - Answer in animal cells, a short, barrel-shaped ring consisting of nine microtubule triplets; a
pair of centrioles is found near the nucleus and may play a role in the organization of the spindle;
centrioles also give rise to the basal bodies at the base of each cilium and flagellum that give rise to the
microtubules of cilia and flagella.
Chrophyll - Answer a pigment found in chloroplasts that captures light energy during photosynthesis;
chlorophyll absorbs violet, blue, and red light but reflects green light.
Chloroplast - Answer the organelle in plants and plantlike protists that is the site of photosynthesis;
surrounded by a double membrane and containing an extensive internal membrane system that bears
chlorophyll.
Chromatin - Answer the complex of DNA and proteins that makes up eukaryotic chromosomes.
