PATH 3010 Exam 1 UPDATED ACTUAL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
What are the characteristics of fungi? - CORRECT ANSWER Composed of cells with a
nucleus/nuclei (Eukaryotes)
Unique cell wall chemistry
- made of chitin, no cellulose
Heterotrophs (no chlorophyll)
- excretes enzymes, degrates substrates, hyphae absorption
Simple morphology
- simple, tubular cells with hyphae
- digestion happens on the outside
Reproduces by spores
- sexual and asexual
Which groups are no longer considered fungi? - CORRECT ANSWER Myxomycota (slime
molds) - Amoebozoa, engulf their food
Oomycota (water molds) - related to diatoms, kelp; walls of cellulose, two different kinds of flagella
What are some characteristics of oomycetes? - CORRECT ANSWER Water molds
Walls of cellulose
Different kinds of flagella
Aerial asexual spores and sexual spores
Related to diatoms
Which groups have been recently discovered to be fungi? - CORRECT
ANSWER Microsporidia (2008)
Cryptomycota (2011)
Which are the closest relatives of fungi? - CORRECT ANSWER Animals!
, What conditions do fungi prefer for growth? - CORRECT ANSWER Somewhat subdued
sunlight (intense UV is toxic)
Temperature between 0*C and 32*C
PH between 6 and 8
High humidity
Some free water but not so much that the environment is starved for O2
What stimulates reproduction/spore production? - CORRECT ANSWER Changes in day length
(shorter days)
Less food
Change in moisture status
Fire
What difference is there in the spores produced by sexual or asexual reproduction? - CORRECT
ANSWER Asexual:
- spores produced by extension & cleavage of specialized hyphae cells
- all genetically identical to the parent
Sexual:
- spores produced after fusion & hyphae of two compatible mating types (and same species)
- spores are genetically different combinations of the parents
What is Prototaxites? Where has it been found? What characteristics does it have that has led
researchers to think it is a fungus? - CORRECT ANSWER Prototaxites: Large fungus (~ 1m
wide and 3m tall); existed before complex land plants or plant eating animals; perennial fungus that
grows in a column, has fungi hyphae.
It was been found in the Northern hemisphere: Saudi Arabia to Canada
It looks similar to Clauaria Delphus (but bigger), had pores, clamp connections, and septa
How many fungi have been described? What percent of all fungi does this likely represent? -
CORRECT ANSWER <10% of fungi have been described
What are the rules for naming fungi? - CORRECT ANSWER Only one valid name
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
What are the characteristics of fungi? - CORRECT ANSWER Composed of cells with a
nucleus/nuclei (Eukaryotes)
Unique cell wall chemistry
- made of chitin, no cellulose
Heterotrophs (no chlorophyll)
- excretes enzymes, degrates substrates, hyphae absorption
Simple morphology
- simple, tubular cells with hyphae
- digestion happens on the outside
Reproduces by spores
- sexual and asexual
Which groups are no longer considered fungi? - CORRECT ANSWER Myxomycota (slime
molds) - Amoebozoa, engulf their food
Oomycota (water molds) - related to diatoms, kelp; walls of cellulose, two different kinds of flagella
What are some characteristics of oomycetes? - CORRECT ANSWER Water molds
Walls of cellulose
Different kinds of flagella
Aerial asexual spores and sexual spores
Related to diatoms
Which groups have been recently discovered to be fungi? - CORRECT
ANSWER Microsporidia (2008)
Cryptomycota (2011)
Which are the closest relatives of fungi? - CORRECT ANSWER Animals!
, What conditions do fungi prefer for growth? - CORRECT ANSWER Somewhat subdued
sunlight (intense UV is toxic)
Temperature between 0*C and 32*C
PH between 6 and 8
High humidity
Some free water but not so much that the environment is starved for O2
What stimulates reproduction/spore production? - CORRECT ANSWER Changes in day length
(shorter days)
Less food
Change in moisture status
Fire
What difference is there in the spores produced by sexual or asexual reproduction? - CORRECT
ANSWER Asexual:
- spores produced by extension & cleavage of specialized hyphae cells
- all genetically identical to the parent
Sexual:
- spores produced after fusion & hyphae of two compatible mating types (and same species)
- spores are genetically different combinations of the parents
What is Prototaxites? Where has it been found? What characteristics does it have that has led
researchers to think it is a fungus? - CORRECT ANSWER Prototaxites: Large fungus (~ 1m
wide and 3m tall); existed before complex land plants or plant eating animals; perennial fungus that
grows in a column, has fungi hyphae.
It was been found in the Northern hemisphere: Saudi Arabia to Canada
It looks similar to Clauaria Delphus (but bigger), had pores, clamp connections, and septa
How many fungi have been described? What percent of all fungi does this likely represent? -
CORRECT ANSWER <10% of fungi have been described
What are the rules for naming fungi? - CORRECT ANSWER Only one valid name
