PATH 3010 Exam 3 UPDATED ACTUAL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
How was penicillin discovered? - CORRECT ANSWER Alexander Fleming returned from a
holiday to find mold growing on a petri dish of Staphylococcus bacteria and noticed the mold seemed
to be preventing the bacteria from growing around it
Who were the 3 scientists involved in mass production of penicillin and what were their roles? -
CORRECT ANSWER -Alexander Fleming was initial discoverer and main researcher-Ernst
Chain (biochemist) and Howard Florey (physician) purified the compound
Why was penicillin so important in WWII? - CORRECT ANSWER Was important in WW1 to
treat the soldiers and prevent infections bc soldiers were more likely to die from infections that
developed following wounds than from the wounds themselves
What other antibiotics were discussed? - CORRECT ANSWER Cephalosporin (antibacterial)
Griseofulvin (anti-fungal)
What are actinomycetes? - CORRECT ANSWER a bacterium of an order that typically has a
nonmotile filamentous form. They include the economically important streptomycetes, and were
formerly regarded as fungi
Which antibiotics do actinomycetes make? - CORRECT ANSWER - Actinomycin
- Streptomycin
- Chloromycetin
- Tetracycline
What is antibiotic resistance and how does it develop? - CORRECT ANSWER Antibiotic
resistance is due to: overuse; failure to follow treatment to completion; drugs in livestock/water
supplies/etc.
Why do fungi make antibiotics? - CORRECT ANSWER Antibiotics help fungi with survival
and competition
-natural defense mechanism to kill/inhibit bacteria
, What is cyclosporine? - CORRECT ANSWER Tolypocladium inflatum
What does cyclosporine treat? - CORRECT ANSWER -immunosuppresant (affects T-cells)
used to prevent the body from rejecting a transplanted organ
What has cyclosporine allowed surgeons to do that could not be done before it was discovered? -
CORRECT ANSWER -allowed surgeons to transplant organs and prevent organ rejection
What are statins? - CORRECT ANSWER group of drugs made from fungi
-Aspergillus terreus and others
What do statins treat? - CORRECT ANSWER They reduce the production of cholesterol (helps
with heart disease and reduces heart attacks by 45%).
What edible fungus is known to produce large quantities of statins? - CORRECT
ANSWER Oyster mushrooms
Who is Otzi the Iceman? - CORRECT ANSWER mummy of a man that lived in 3000 BC and
discovered in 1991, was 5,300 years old (Neolithic Era).
What fungi was Otzi the Iceman discovered with? - CORRECT ANSWER birch polypore and
tinder polypore
What are the important active ingredients in Ganoderma lucidum? What are their activities? -
CORRECT ANSWER Beta 1-3 glucan (preventative med)
Ganoderic Acids (steroid hormone with hepatoprotective properties)
Polysaccharides & beta-glucans (boosts the immune system)
What are ganoderma lucidium common names? Is this fungus common or rare in nature? Is it
cultivated? - CORRECT ANSWER "Reishi" (Japan) & "Lingzhi" (China)
It is rare, but it is cultivated.
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
How was penicillin discovered? - CORRECT ANSWER Alexander Fleming returned from a
holiday to find mold growing on a petri dish of Staphylococcus bacteria and noticed the mold seemed
to be preventing the bacteria from growing around it
Who were the 3 scientists involved in mass production of penicillin and what were their roles? -
CORRECT ANSWER -Alexander Fleming was initial discoverer and main researcher-Ernst
Chain (biochemist) and Howard Florey (physician) purified the compound
Why was penicillin so important in WWII? - CORRECT ANSWER Was important in WW1 to
treat the soldiers and prevent infections bc soldiers were more likely to die from infections that
developed following wounds than from the wounds themselves
What other antibiotics were discussed? - CORRECT ANSWER Cephalosporin (antibacterial)
Griseofulvin (anti-fungal)
What are actinomycetes? - CORRECT ANSWER a bacterium of an order that typically has a
nonmotile filamentous form. They include the economically important streptomycetes, and were
formerly regarded as fungi
Which antibiotics do actinomycetes make? - CORRECT ANSWER - Actinomycin
- Streptomycin
- Chloromycetin
- Tetracycline
What is antibiotic resistance and how does it develop? - CORRECT ANSWER Antibiotic
resistance is due to: overuse; failure to follow treatment to completion; drugs in livestock/water
supplies/etc.
Why do fungi make antibiotics? - CORRECT ANSWER Antibiotics help fungi with survival
and competition
-natural defense mechanism to kill/inhibit bacteria
, What is cyclosporine? - CORRECT ANSWER Tolypocladium inflatum
What does cyclosporine treat? - CORRECT ANSWER -immunosuppresant (affects T-cells)
used to prevent the body from rejecting a transplanted organ
What has cyclosporine allowed surgeons to do that could not be done before it was discovered? -
CORRECT ANSWER -allowed surgeons to transplant organs and prevent organ rejection
What are statins? - CORRECT ANSWER group of drugs made from fungi
-Aspergillus terreus and others
What do statins treat? - CORRECT ANSWER They reduce the production of cholesterol (helps
with heart disease and reduces heart attacks by 45%).
What edible fungus is known to produce large quantities of statins? - CORRECT
ANSWER Oyster mushrooms
Who is Otzi the Iceman? - CORRECT ANSWER mummy of a man that lived in 3000 BC and
discovered in 1991, was 5,300 years old (Neolithic Era).
What fungi was Otzi the Iceman discovered with? - CORRECT ANSWER birch polypore and
tinder polypore
What are the important active ingredients in Ganoderma lucidum? What are their activities? -
CORRECT ANSWER Beta 1-3 glucan (preventative med)
Ganoderic Acids (steroid hormone with hepatoprotective properties)
Polysaccharides & beta-glucans (boosts the immune system)
What are ganoderma lucidium common names? Is this fungus common or rare in nature? Is it
cultivated? - CORRECT ANSWER "Reishi" (Japan) & "Lingzhi" (China)
It is rare, but it is cultivated.
