TX History Exam 1 UPDATED ACTUAL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Paleo-Indians - CORRECT ANSWER The first humans in Texas; migrated from Asia between
9200-6000 B.C.
Archaic Period - CORRECT ANSWER The era around 7000 B.C. when Texas Indians began
developing agriculture and sedentary lifestyles.
Caddo (Hasinai) - CORRECT ANSWER East Texas "Mound Builders" with a complex
matrilineal society and a high priest called the Xinesi.
Xinesi - CORRECT ANSWER The spiritual leader of the Caddo who maintained the "eternal
sacred fire."
Karankawa - CORRECT ANSWER Coastal nomads known for using dugout canoes and
rubbing shark oil on their skin to ward off mosquitoes.
Coahuiltecan - CORRECT ANSWER Diverse, hunter-gatherer groups in South Texas who
often sought refuge in Spanish missions.
Jumano - CORRECT ANSWER West Texas traders who acted as middlemen between the
Caddo and the Pueblo Indians.
Lipan Apache - CORRECT ANSWER The first nomadic "horse culture" to dominate the Texas
plains; later pushed south by the Comanche.
Comanche - CORRECT ANSWER The most powerful nomadic tribe; arrived in Texas in the
1700s and mastered horse warfare.
Reconquista - CORRECT ANSWER The 800-year struggle by Spanish Christians to retake
Spain from Muslim rule; shaped Spanish colonizing culture.
, Ayuntamiento - CORRECT ANSWER A Spanish city council established during the
Reconquista and transplanted to Texas.
Alcalde - CORRECT ANSWER A Spanish official who served as both a mayor and a local
judge.
Alonso Álvarez de Pineda - CORRECT ANSWER The first European to map the Texas
coastline in 1519.
Cabeza de Vaca - CORRECT ANSWER Shipwrecked explorer who lived among Texas Indians
(1528-1536) and wrote "La Relación."
Estevanico - CORRECT ANSWER An African explorer who accompanied Cabeza de Vaca; the
first person of African descent in Texas.
Coronado - CORRECT ANSWER Led a 1540 expedition across the Panhandle searching for
the golden cities of Cibola and Gran Quivira.
La Salle - CORRECT ANSWER French explorer who established Fort Saint Louis in 1685; his
presence sparked the Spanish "counter-thrust."
Fort Saint Louis - CORRECT ANSWER A failed French colony on Matagorda Bay that forced
Spain to permanently occupy Texas.
Mission - CORRECT ANSWER A Spanish institution intended to convert Indians into
Catholic, tax-paying Spanish subjects.
Presidio - CORRECT ANSWER A Spanish military fort that protected missions and served as a
center for trade and labor.
Rancho - CORRECT ANSWER Large-scale livestock farms; the most successful economic
institution in Spanish Texas.
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Paleo-Indians - CORRECT ANSWER The first humans in Texas; migrated from Asia between
9200-6000 B.C.
Archaic Period - CORRECT ANSWER The era around 7000 B.C. when Texas Indians began
developing agriculture and sedentary lifestyles.
Caddo (Hasinai) - CORRECT ANSWER East Texas "Mound Builders" with a complex
matrilineal society and a high priest called the Xinesi.
Xinesi - CORRECT ANSWER The spiritual leader of the Caddo who maintained the "eternal
sacred fire."
Karankawa - CORRECT ANSWER Coastal nomads known for using dugout canoes and
rubbing shark oil on their skin to ward off mosquitoes.
Coahuiltecan - CORRECT ANSWER Diverse, hunter-gatherer groups in South Texas who
often sought refuge in Spanish missions.
Jumano - CORRECT ANSWER West Texas traders who acted as middlemen between the
Caddo and the Pueblo Indians.
Lipan Apache - CORRECT ANSWER The first nomadic "horse culture" to dominate the Texas
plains; later pushed south by the Comanche.
Comanche - CORRECT ANSWER The most powerful nomadic tribe; arrived in Texas in the
1700s and mastered horse warfare.
Reconquista - CORRECT ANSWER The 800-year struggle by Spanish Christians to retake
Spain from Muslim rule; shaped Spanish colonizing culture.
, Ayuntamiento - CORRECT ANSWER A Spanish city council established during the
Reconquista and transplanted to Texas.
Alcalde - CORRECT ANSWER A Spanish official who served as both a mayor and a local
judge.
Alonso Álvarez de Pineda - CORRECT ANSWER The first European to map the Texas
coastline in 1519.
Cabeza de Vaca - CORRECT ANSWER Shipwrecked explorer who lived among Texas Indians
(1528-1536) and wrote "La Relación."
Estevanico - CORRECT ANSWER An African explorer who accompanied Cabeza de Vaca; the
first person of African descent in Texas.
Coronado - CORRECT ANSWER Led a 1540 expedition across the Panhandle searching for
the golden cities of Cibola and Gran Quivira.
La Salle - CORRECT ANSWER French explorer who established Fort Saint Louis in 1685; his
presence sparked the Spanish "counter-thrust."
Fort Saint Louis - CORRECT ANSWER A failed French colony on Matagorda Bay that forced
Spain to permanently occupy Texas.
Mission - CORRECT ANSWER A Spanish institution intended to convert Indians into
Catholic, tax-paying Spanish subjects.
Presidio - CORRECT ANSWER A Spanish military fort that protected missions and served as a
center for trade and labor.
Rancho - CORRECT ANSWER Large-scale livestock farms; the most successful economic
institution in Spanish Texas.
