AICP Exam Prep – Quiz With Complete
Solutions
19. The New York Court of Appeals case Golden v. Planning Board of
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Town of Ramapo (1972) resulted in an important decision in what area?
| | | | | | | | | | |
a. Exclusionary housing
| |
b. Growth management
| |
c. "Takings" claims
| |
d. Environmental justice - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-B. Ramapo, NY
| | | | | | | |
established a growth management system that awarded points to
| | | | | | | | |
development proposals based on the availability of public utilities,
| | | | | | | | |
drainage facilities, parks, road access, and firehouses.
| | | | | |
1. The Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 required local governments to
| | | | | | | | | | |
address potential hazards in a Hazard Mitigation Plan in order to remain
| | | | | | | | | | | |
eligible to receive certain federal funds before and following federally-
| | | | | | | | |
declared disasters. Your community has integrated such a plan into the
| | | | | | | | | | |
General Plan. Now the Safety Element of the General Plan is expanded
| | | | | | | | | | | |
to cover the following: I. Natural hazards II. Man-made hazards III. Fiscal
| | | | | | | | | | | |
responsibility for disasters IV. A development retreat from low-lying
| | | | | | | | |
coastal areas |
a. II & III
| | |
b. I, II, & IV
| | | |
,c. I & IV
| | |
d. I, II, III, & IV - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-B. FEMA HMA of 2000 seeks to
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
expand pre-disaster planning to precipitate the widespread loss of life,
| | | | | | | | | |
damage to property, infrastructure and the environment. The Act does
| | | | | | | | | |
not assign any fiscal responsibilities of disasters to any entity. Most local
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Safety Element covers also man-made hazards. However, local
| | | | | | | |
jurisdictions are not burdened with the fiscal impact associated with
| | | | | | | | | |
disasters.
2. In the United States, the "Neighborhood Unit" concept is attributed
| | | | | | | | | | |
to:
a. Kevin Lynch
| |
b. Clarence Perry
| |
c. Ian McHarg
| |
d. Lewis Mumford - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-B. Clarence Perry lived in
| | | | | | | | | |
Forest Hills Gardens in Queens, NY and published an essay on the
| | | | | | | | | | | |
concept of the neighborhood unit in 1929. Forest Hill Gardens,
| | | | | | | | | |
developed by Frederick Law Olmsted, Jr. in 1911, inspired the
| | | | | | | | | |
neighborhood unit concept. Perry defined a neighborhood as a self- | | | | | | | | |
contained area within a 5-minute walking radius, bounded by major
| | | | | | | | | |
streets with shops at the intersections and a school in the middle. Kevin
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Lynch wrote Image of the City in 1960. Ian McHarg wrote Design with
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Nature in 1969. Lewis Mumford wrote Culture of Cities in 1929.
| | | | | | | | | |
,3. Which of the following court cases is/are concerned with takings? I.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Nollan v. California Coastal Commission (1987) II. Associated
| | | | | | | |
Homebuilders v. City of Livermore (1976) III. First English Evangelical | | | | | | | | | |
Lutheran Church v. County of Los Angeles (1987) IV. Lucas v. South
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Carolina Coastal Council (1992) | | |
a. I only
| |
b. I & II
| | |
c. I & III
| | |
d. I, III, & IV - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-D. In Nollan v. California Coastal
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Commission (1987), the state claimed that the Nollan's proposed house | | | | | | | | | |
would interfere with visual and psychological access to the public beach.
| | | | | | | | | |
|The state said that the Nollan's would be granted a building permit only
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
if they allowed public access to the beach. The court said this was a
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
taking because if the state wanted to provide access to the beach it
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
should use the power of eminent domain and compensate the land
| | | | | | | | | | |
owners. In First English (1987), a church had not been allowed to use its
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
property temporarily because it had been flooded; the court said that
| | | | | | | | | | |
the city must provide compensation for this taking, even though it was
| | | | | | | | | | | |
only temporary. In Lucas, the court found that a South Carolina state law
| | | | | | | | | | | |
|which prohibited Lucas from building on two lots on a barrier island was
| | | | | | | | | | | |
|a taking because it deprived Lucas of all economically viable use of the
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
property. The Associated Homebuilders v. City of Livermore (1976) case
| | | | | | | | | |
was about growth management. In that case, the court said it was
| | | | | | | | | | | |
permissible to phase growth to allow for relief of overcrowded schools
| | | | | | | | | | |
and sewer treatment facilities and to increase water reserves.
| | | | | | | |
, 4. Ebenezer Howard is best known for promoting self-sufficient towns
| | | | | | | | | |
with mixed economies known as:
| | | |
a. New towns
| |
b. Planned unit developments
| | |
c. Garden cities
| |
d. Suburbs - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-C. Ebenezer Howard, (1850-1920)
| | | | | | | |
published Tomorrow: A Peaceful Path to Real Reform in 1898; it was
| | | | | | | | | | | |
reissued as Garden Cities of Tomorrow in 1902. A garden city included
| | | | | | | | | | | |
about 6,000 acres of land and was surrounded with a rural belt. The first
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
|garden cities were in England: Letchworth in 1903 and Welwyn Garden
| | | | | | | | | | |
in 1919. New Towns are a successor to garden cities. The New Towns of
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Columbia, MD and Reston, VA were built in the United States after
| | | | | | | | | | | |
World War II. A Planned Unit Development or PUD is planned and
| | | | | | | | | | | |
developed as a single entity containing residential and non-residential
| | | | | | | | |
development such as public, commercial or industrial areas. PUDs allow
| | | | | | | | | |
for greater flexibility in locating buildings, combining land uses, and
| | | | | | | | | |
including open space than traditional development patterns. Suburban
| | | | | | | |
developments are located on the periphery of urban areas and are not| | | | | | | | | | | |
associated with Ebenezer Howard. Riverside, IL is considered the earliest
| | | | | | | | |
|example of suburban development. Riverside is located outside of
| | | | | | | | |
Chicago and was developed in 1868 by Frederick Law Olmsted, Sr.
| | | | | | | | | |
5. Which of the following is a landmark housing case?
| | | | | | | | |
a. Hadacheck v. Sebastian (1915)
| | | |
b. Berman v. Parker (1954):
| | | | |
Solutions
19. The New York Court of Appeals case Golden v. Planning Board of
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Town of Ramapo (1972) resulted in an important decision in what area?
| | | | | | | | | | |
a. Exclusionary housing
| |
b. Growth management
| |
c. "Takings" claims
| |
d. Environmental justice - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-B. Ramapo, NY
| | | | | | | |
established a growth management system that awarded points to
| | | | | | | | |
development proposals based on the availability of public utilities,
| | | | | | | | |
drainage facilities, parks, road access, and firehouses.
| | | | | |
1. The Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 required local governments to
| | | | | | | | | | |
address potential hazards in a Hazard Mitigation Plan in order to remain
| | | | | | | | | | | |
eligible to receive certain federal funds before and following federally-
| | | | | | | | |
declared disasters. Your community has integrated such a plan into the
| | | | | | | | | | |
General Plan. Now the Safety Element of the General Plan is expanded
| | | | | | | | | | | |
to cover the following: I. Natural hazards II. Man-made hazards III. Fiscal
| | | | | | | | | | | |
responsibility for disasters IV. A development retreat from low-lying
| | | | | | | | |
coastal areas |
a. II & III
| | |
b. I, II, & IV
| | | |
,c. I & IV
| | |
d. I, II, III, & IV - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-B. FEMA HMA of 2000 seeks to
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
expand pre-disaster planning to precipitate the widespread loss of life,
| | | | | | | | | |
damage to property, infrastructure and the environment. The Act does
| | | | | | | | | |
not assign any fiscal responsibilities of disasters to any entity. Most local
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Safety Element covers also man-made hazards. However, local
| | | | | | | |
jurisdictions are not burdened with the fiscal impact associated with
| | | | | | | | | |
disasters.
2. In the United States, the "Neighborhood Unit" concept is attributed
| | | | | | | | | | |
to:
a. Kevin Lynch
| |
b. Clarence Perry
| |
c. Ian McHarg
| |
d. Lewis Mumford - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-B. Clarence Perry lived in
| | | | | | | | | |
Forest Hills Gardens in Queens, NY and published an essay on the
| | | | | | | | | | | |
concept of the neighborhood unit in 1929. Forest Hill Gardens,
| | | | | | | | | |
developed by Frederick Law Olmsted, Jr. in 1911, inspired the
| | | | | | | | | |
neighborhood unit concept. Perry defined a neighborhood as a self- | | | | | | | | |
contained area within a 5-minute walking radius, bounded by major
| | | | | | | | | |
streets with shops at the intersections and a school in the middle. Kevin
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Lynch wrote Image of the City in 1960. Ian McHarg wrote Design with
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Nature in 1969. Lewis Mumford wrote Culture of Cities in 1929.
| | | | | | | | | |
,3. Which of the following court cases is/are concerned with takings? I.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Nollan v. California Coastal Commission (1987) II. Associated
| | | | | | | |
Homebuilders v. City of Livermore (1976) III. First English Evangelical | | | | | | | | | |
Lutheran Church v. County of Los Angeles (1987) IV. Lucas v. South
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Carolina Coastal Council (1992) | | |
a. I only
| |
b. I & II
| | |
c. I & III
| | |
d. I, III, & IV - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-D. In Nollan v. California Coastal
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Commission (1987), the state claimed that the Nollan's proposed house | | | | | | | | | |
would interfere with visual and psychological access to the public beach.
| | | | | | | | | |
|The state said that the Nollan's would be granted a building permit only
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
if they allowed public access to the beach. The court said this was a
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
taking because if the state wanted to provide access to the beach it
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
should use the power of eminent domain and compensate the land
| | | | | | | | | | |
owners. In First English (1987), a church had not been allowed to use its
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
property temporarily because it had been flooded; the court said that
| | | | | | | | | | |
the city must provide compensation for this taking, even though it was
| | | | | | | | | | | |
only temporary. In Lucas, the court found that a South Carolina state law
| | | | | | | | | | | |
|which prohibited Lucas from building on two lots on a barrier island was
| | | | | | | | | | | |
|a taking because it deprived Lucas of all economically viable use of the
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
property. The Associated Homebuilders v. City of Livermore (1976) case
| | | | | | | | | |
was about growth management. In that case, the court said it was
| | | | | | | | | | | |
permissible to phase growth to allow for relief of overcrowded schools
| | | | | | | | | | |
and sewer treatment facilities and to increase water reserves.
| | | | | | | |
, 4. Ebenezer Howard is best known for promoting self-sufficient towns
| | | | | | | | | |
with mixed economies known as:
| | | |
a. New towns
| |
b. Planned unit developments
| | |
c. Garden cities
| |
d. Suburbs - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-C. Ebenezer Howard, (1850-1920)
| | | | | | | |
published Tomorrow: A Peaceful Path to Real Reform in 1898; it was
| | | | | | | | | | | |
reissued as Garden Cities of Tomorrow in 1902. A garden city included
| | | | | | | | | | | |
about 6,000 acres of land and was surrounded with a rural belt. The first
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
|garden cities were in England: Letchworth in 1903 and Welwyn Garden
| | | | | | | | | | |
in 1919. New Towns are a successor to garden cities. The New Towns of
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Columbia, MD and Reston, VA were built in the United States after
| | | | | | | | | | | |
World War II. A Planned Unit Development or PUD is planned and
| | | | | | | | | | | |
developed as a single entity containing residential and non-residential
| | | | | | | | |
development such as public, commercial or industrial areas. PUDs allow
| | | | | | | | | |
for greater flexibility in locating buildings, combining land uses, and
| | | | | | | | | |
including open space than traditional development patterns. Suburban
| | | | | | | |
developments are located on the periphery of urban areas and are not| | | | | | | | | | | |
associated with Ebenezer Howard. Riverside, IL is considered the earliest
| | | | | | | | |
|example of suburban development. Riverside is located outside of
| | | | | | | | |
Chicago and was developed in 1868 by Frederick Law Olmsted, Sr.
| | | | | | | | | |
5. Which of the following is a landmark housing case?
| | | | | | | | |
a. Hadacheck v. Sebastian (1915)
| | | |
b. Berman v. Parker (1954):
| | | | |
