NU 170 Exam 2 Review with Correct
Answers 2026 Update
What is dehydration in children? -Correct Answer ✔-Excessive loss of body water,
with high risk for kids under 2 years old.
What are the three types of dehydration based on weight loss? -Correct Answer
✔-Mild (5%), Moderate (5%-10%), and Severe (>10%).
What are some signs and symptoms of dehydration? -Correct Answer ✔-Extreme
temperature (high or low), color change, decreased urine output, elevated BUN
and Specific Gravity, mucous membranes, lethargy, poor skin turgor, increased
pulse, sunken fontanels, and no tears.
What is hypovolemic shock? -Correct Answer ✔-A condition resulting from
significant fluid loss, characterized by rapid weak pulse, mottling, hypotension,
and changes in level of consciousness.
What nursing care is required for hypovolemic shock? -Correct Answer ✔-Monitor
signs and symptoms, administer fluids (PO/IV: Potassium), and monitor lab values
including serum pH, electrolytes, Hct levels, BUN levels, and Specific Gravity.
What is the definition of vomiting? -Correct Answer ✔-Sudden contractions of the
diaphragm and stomach muscles that can alter electrolytes and cause
dehydration.
What nursing care should be provided for a child experiencing vomiting? -Correct
Answer ✔-Withhold oral fluids for a short time, provide electrolyte enriched
drinks like Pedialyte, feed in shorter and more frequent sessions, and closely
monitor input and output.
,What are the signs of diarrhea in infants? -Correct Answer ✔-A sudden increase in
stools differing from the infant's normal pattern, with fluid consistency, green
color, or containing mucus and blood.
What are the two types of diarrhea? -Correct Answer ✔-Acute diarrhea (sudden
increase in abnormal stools) and chronic diarrhea (lasting more than two weeks).
What nursing care is recommended for diarrhea? -Correct Answer ✔-Standard
precautions, provide simple carbohydrates, avoid the BRAT diet for children,
prioritize rehydration, and educate parents about avoiding antidiarrheal
medications unless prescribed.
What is a tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF)? -Correct Answer ✔-A congenital
condition where the tissues of the GI tract fail to separate properly from the
respiratory tract early in prenatal life.
What are the four types of tracheoesophageal fistula? -Correct Answer ✔-1)
Upper esophagus and lower esophagus ends in a blind pouch; 2) Upper
esophagus ends in a blind pouch, lower esophagus connects to the trachea; 3)
Upper esophagus attached to the trachea, lower esophagus also attached to the
trachea; 4) Upper esophagus connects to trachea, lower esophagus ends in a blind
pouch.
What are the signs of tracheoesophageal fistula after birth? -Correct Answer ✔-
Feeding problems (coughing, choking, cyanosis), abdominal distention, and
drooling.
What is the treatment for tracheoesophageal fistula? -Correct Answer ✔-
Emergency surgery in stages is essential for survival, often involving a gastrostomy
tube.
, What is an imperforate anus? -Correct Answer ✔-A congenital malformation
where the lower end of the GI tract and anus is malformed, resulting in a missing
anus opening or blockage.
What is a sign of imperforate anus? -Correct Answer ✔-Failure to pass meconium
within the first 24 hours after birth.
What is the treatment for imperforate anus? -Correct Answer ✔-Initial colostomy
followed by surgery for repair.
What is pyloric stenosis? -Correct Answer ✔-Narrowing of the pyloric sphincter
due to hypertrophy of the pyloric muscle, preventing proper stomach emptying.
What are the signs and symptoms of pyloric stenosis? -Correct Answer ✔-
Projectile vomiting, weight loss, palpable mass (olive-shaped on RUQ), and
increased hunger.
What is the treatment for pyloric stenosis? -Correct Answer ✔-Pyloromyotomy.
What is intussusception? -Correct Answer ✔-A condition where one part of the
intestine slips into another part just below it, considered an emergency.
What are the signs and symptoms of intussusception? -Correct Answer ✔-Sudden
onset of severe paroxysmal abdominal pain, evidenced by loud cries, straining
efforts, and drawing of the legs towards the abdomen.
What are the symptoms of Celiac Disease in infants? -Correct Answer ✔-Failure to
thrive, distended abdomen, atrophy of buttocks, large bulky foul-smelling frothy
stools (steatorrhea).
What is the treatment for Celiac Disease? -Correct Answer ✔-A gluten-free diet,
which also helps prevent the development of other autoimmune diseases.
Answers 2026 Update
What is dehydration in children? -Correct Answer ✔-Excessive loss of body water,
with high risk for kids under 2 years old.
What are the three types of dehydration based on weight loss? -Correct Answer
✔-Mild (5%), Moderate (5%-10%), and Severe (>10%).
What are some signs and symptoms of dehydration? -Correct Answer ✔-Extreme
temperature (high or low), color change, decreased urine output, elevated BUN
and Specific Gravity, mucous membranes, lethargy, poor skin turgor, increased
pulse, sunken fontanels, and no tears.
What is hypovolemic shock? -Correct Answer ✔-A condition resulting from
significant fluid loss, characterized by rapid weak pulse, mottling, hypotension,
and changes in level of consciousness.
What nursing care is required for hypovolemic shock? -Correct Answer ✔-Monitor
signs and symptoms, administer fluids (PO/IV: Potassium), and monitor lab values
including serum pH, electrolytes, Hct levels, BUN levels, and Specific Gravity.
What is the definition of vomiting? -Correct Answer ✔-Sudden contractions of the
diaphragm and stomach muscles that can alter electrolytes and cause
dehydration.
What nursing care should be provided for a child experiencing vomiting? -Correct
Answer ✔-Withhold oral fluids for a short time, provide electrolyte enriched
drinks like Pedialyte, feed in shorter and more frequent sessions, and closely
monitor input and output.
,What are the signs of diarrhea in infants? -Correct Answer ✔-A sudden increase in
stools differing from the infant's normal pattern, with fluid consistency, green
color, or containing mucus and blood.
What are the two types of diarrhea? -Correct Answer ✔-Acute diarrhea (sudden
increase in abnormal stools) and chronic diarrhea (lasting more than two weeks).
What nursing care is recommended for diarrhea? -Correct Answer ✔-Standard
precautions, provide simple carbohydrates, avoid the BRAT diet for children,
prioritize rehydration, and educate parents about avoiding antidiarrheal
medications unless prescribed.
What is a tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF)? -Correct Answer ✔-A congenital
condition where the tissues of the GI tract fail to separate properly from the
respiratory tract early in prenatal life.
What are the four types of tracheoesophageal fistula? -Correct Answer ✔-1)
Upper esophagus and lower esophagus ends in a blind pouch; 2) Upper
esophagus ends in a blind pouch, lower esophagus connects to the trachea; 3)
Upper esophagus attached to the trachea, lower esophagus also attached to the
trachea; 4) Upper esophagus connects to trachea, lower esophagus ends in a blind
pouch.
What are the signs of tracheoesophageal fistula after birth? -Correct Answer ✔-
Feeding problems (coughing, choking, cyanosis), abdominal distention, and
drooling.
What is the treatment for tracheoesophageal fistula? -Correct Answer ✔-
Emergency surgery in stages is essential for survival, often involving a gastrostomy
tube.
, What is an imperforate anus? -Correct Answer ✔-A congenital malformation
where the lower end of the GI tract and anus is malformed, resulting in a missing
anus opening or blockage.
What is a sign of imperforate anus? -Correct Answer ✔-Failure to pass meconium
within the first 24 hours after birth.
What is the treatment for imperforate anus? -Correct Answer ✔-Initial colostomy
followed by surgery for repair.
What is pyloric stenosis? -Correct Answer ✔-Narrowing of the pyloric sphincter
due to hypertrophy of the pyloric muscle, preventing proper stomach emptying.
What are the signs and symptoms of pyloric stenosis? -Correct Answer ✔-
Projectile vomiting, weight loss, palpable mass (olive-shaped on RUQ), and
increased hunger.
What is the treatment for pyloric stenosis? -Correct Answer ✔-Pyloromyotomy.
What is intussusception? -Correct Answer ✔-A condition where one part of the
intestine slips into another part just below it, considered an emergency.
What are the signs and symptoms of intussusception? -Correct Answer ✔-Sudden
onset of severe paroxysmal abdominal pain, evidenced by loud cries, straining
efforts, and drawing of the legs towards the abdomen.
What are the symptoms of Celiac Disease in infants? -Correct Answer ✔-Failure to
thrive, distended abdomen, atrophy of buttocks, large bulky foul-smelling frothy
stools (steatorrhea).
What is the treatment for Celiac Disease? -Correct Answer ✔-A gluten-free diet,
which also helps prevent the development of other autoimmune diseases.
