TEST BANK FOR CURRENT DIAGNOSIS AND
TREATMENT PEDIATRICS 27TH EDITION
COMPLETE EXAM PREP PDF WITH VERIFIED
QUESTIONS AND DETAILED ANSWERS FOR
NURSING AND MEDICAL STUDENTS
• This test bank covers the full scope of Current Diagnosis & Treatment: Pediatrics,
27th Edition, offering verified exam-style questions with detailed EXPERT
RATIONALE designed to sharpen clinical reasoning for nursing and medical
students.
• Use this material by attempting each question independently before checking the
correct answer and EXPERT RATIONALE — this active recall method maximizes
retention and prepares you for both coursework and licensing exams.
CURRENT DIAGNOSIS & TREATMENT: PEDIATRICS — 27TH EDITION COMPLETE
TEST BANK | QUESTIONS
CHAPTER 1 — THE NEWBORN INFANT
1. A newborn has a heart rate of 90 bpm, weak respiratory effort, some
flexion of extremities, a grimace to stimulation, and a blue body with pink
extremities. What is the Apgar score?
A. 3
B. 4
C. 5
D. 6
E. 7
CORRECT ANSWER: B. 4
,EXPERT RATIONALE: Heart rate <100 = 1, weak respiratory effort = 1, some flexion = 1,
grimace only = 1, blue body/pink extremities (acrocyanosis) = 0. Total = 4. An Apgar of 4–
6 indicates moderate depression requiring stimulation and possible oxygen.
2. Which of the following is the most common cause of respiratory distress in
a preterm newborn?
A. Meconium aspiration syndrome
B. Transient tachypnea of the newborn
C. Congenital pneumonia
D. Surfactant deficiency (Respiratory Distress Syndrome)
E. Diaphragmatic hernia
CORRECT ANSWER: D. Surfactant deficiency (Respiratory Distress
Syndrome)
EXPERT RATIONALE: RDS caused by surfactant deficiency is the most common cause of
respiratory distress in preterm neonates. Surfactant reduces alveolar surface tension; its
absence leads to alveolar collapse, hypoxia, and the classic ground-glass appearance on
chest X-ray.
3. A term newborn is noted to have yellowish discoloration of the skin at 18
hours of life. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Physiologic jaundice
B. Breast milk jaundice
C. Pathologic jaundice
D. ABO incompatibility
E. Crigler-Najjar syndrome
CORRECT ANSWER: C. Pathologic jaundice
,EXPERT RATIONALE: Jaundice appearing within the first 24 hours of life is always
pathologic and requires urgent evaluation. Causes include hemolytic disease (Rh or ABO
incompatibility), sepsis, and congenital infections. Physiologic jaundice appears after 24
hours.
4. Which of the following best describes the mechanism of action of
phototherapy in neonatal jaundice?
A. Inhibits bilirubin production in the liver
B. Converts unconjugated bilirubin to water-soluble isomers excreted without
conjugation
C. Enhances hepatic conjugation of bilirubin
D. Stimulates bile acid excretion
E. Reduces enteric reabsorption of bilirubin
CORRECT ANSWER: B. Converts unconjugated bilirubin to water-soluble
isomers excreted without conjugation
EXPERT RATIONALE: Phototherapy converts unconjugated bilirubin in skin capillaries
into lumirubin and other isomers via photo-oxidation and photoisomerization, which
are water-soluble and excreted in bile and urine without requiring hepatic conjugation.
5. A newborn at 32 weeks gestation is started on surfactant therapy. Which of
the following is the most appropriate route of administration?
A. Intravenous bolus
B. Intramuscular injection
C. Nebulized inhalation
D. Direct intratracheal instillation
E. Oral administration
CORRECT ANSWER: D. Direct intratracheal instillation
, EXPERT RATIONALE: Exogenous surfactant is administered directly into the trachea via
an endotracheal tube. This allows direct delivery to the alveoli where it reduces surface
tension and prevents collapse in premature lungs deficient in natural surfactant.
CHAPTER 2 — CHILD DEVELOPMENT & BEHAVIOR
6. A 9-month-old infant is brought in for a well-child visit. Which of the
following developmental milestones would be expected at this age?
A. Walking independently
B. Speaking 2–3 word sentences
C. Stranger anxiety and pincer grasp
D. Riding a tricycle
E. Copying a circle
CORRECT ANSWER: C. Stranger anxiety and pincer grasp
EXPERT RATIONALE: At 9 months, infants typically develop stranger anxiety and begin
using a pincer grasp (thumb and index finger). Walking independently is expected at 12
months, 2-word phrases at 24 months, and copying a circle at 3 years.
7. A 2-year-old child can walk up stairs with two feet per step, build a tower of
6 blocks, and use 2-word phrases. Which milestone is NOT yet expected at this
age?
A. Pointing to body parts
B. Running
C. Riding a tricycle
D. Parallel play
E. Using a spoon
TREATMENT PEDIATRICS 27TH EDITION
COMPLETE EXAM PREP PDF WITH VERIFIED
QUESTIONS AND DETAILED ANSWERS FOR
NURSING AND MEDICAL STUDENTS
• This test bank covers the full scope of Current Diagnosis & Treatment: Pediatrics,
27th Edition, offering verified exam-style questions with detailed EXPERT
RATIONALE designed to sharpen clinical reasoning for nursing and medical
students.
• Use this material by attempting each question independently before checking the
correct answer and EXPERT RATIONALE — this active recall method maximizes
retention and prepares you for both coursework and licensing exams.
CURRENT DIAGNOSIS & TREATMENT: PEDIATRICS — 27TH EDITION COMPLETE
TEST BANK | QUESTIONS
CHAPTER 1 — THE NEWBORN INFANT
1. A newborn has a heart rate of 90 bpm, weak respiratory effort, some
flexion of extremities, a grimace to stimulation, and a blue body with pink
extremities. What is the Apgar score?
A. 3
B. 4
C. 5
D. 6
E. 7
CORRECT ANSWER: B. 4
,EXPERT RATIONALE: Heart rate <100 = 1, weak respiratory effort = 1, some flexion = 1,
grimace only = 1, blue body/pink extremities (acrocyanosis) = 0. Total = 4. An Apgar of 4–
6 indicates moderate depression requiring stimulation and possible oxygen.
2. Which of the following is the most common cause of respiratory distress in
a preterm newborn?
A. Meconium aspiration syndrome
B. Transient tachypnea of the newborn
C. Congenital pneumonia
D. Surfactant deficiency (Respiratory Distress Syndrome)
E. Diaphragmatic hernia
CORRECT ANSWER: D. Surfactant deficiency (Respiratory Distress
Syndrome)
EXPERT RATIONALE: RDS caused by surfactant deficiency is the most common cause of
respiratory distress in preterm neonates. Surfactant reduces alveolar surface tension; its
absence leads to alveolar collapse, hypoxia, and the classic ground-glass appearance on
chest X-ray.
3. A term newborn is noted to have yellowish discoloration of the skin at 18
hours of life. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Physiologic jaundice
B. Breast milk jaundice
C. Pathologic jaundice
D. ABO incompatibility
E. Crigler-Najjar syndrome
CORRECT ANSWER: C. Pathologic jaundice
,EXPERT RATIONALE: Jaundice appearing within the first 24 hours of life is always
pathologic and requires urgent evaluation. Causes include hemolytic disease (Rh or ABO
incompatibility), sepsis, and congenital infections. Physiologic jaundice appears after 24
hours.
4. Which of the following best describes the mechanism of action of
phototherapy in neonatal jaundice?
A. Inhibits bilirubin production in the liver
B. Converts unconjugated bilirubin to water-soluble isomers excreted without
conjugation
C. Enhances hepatic conjugation of bilirubin
D. Stimulates bile acid excretion
E. Reduces enteric reabsorption of bilirubin
CORRECT ANSWER: B. Converts unconjugated bilirubin to water-soluble
isomers excreted without conjugation
EXPERT RATIONALE: Phototherapy converts unconjugated bilirubin in skin capillaries
into lumirubin and other isomers via photo-oxidation and photoisomerization, which
are water-soluble and excreted in bile and urine without requiring hepatic conjugation.
5. A newborn at 32 weeks gestation is started on surfactant therapy. Which of
the following is the most appropriate route of administration?
A. Intravenous bolus
B. Intramuscular injection
C. Nebulized inhalation
D. Direct intratracheal instillation
E. Oral administration
CORRECT ANSWER: D. Direct intratracheal instillation
, EXPERT RATIONALE: Exogenous surfactant is administered directly into the trachea via
an endotracheal tube. This allows direct delivery to the alveoli where it reduces surface
tension and prevents collapse in premature lungs deficient in natural surfactant.
CHAPTER 2 — CHILD DEVELOPMENT & BEHAVIOR
6. A 9-month-old infant is brought in for a well-child visit. Which of the
following developmental milestones would be expected at this age?
A. Walking independently
B. Speaking 2–3 word sentences
C. Stranger anxiety and pincer grasp
D. Riding a tricycle
E. Copying a circle
CORRECT ANSWER: C. Stranger anxiety and pincer grasp
EXPERT RATIONALE: At 9 months, infants typically develop stranger anxiety and begin
using a pincer grasp (thumb and index finger). Walking independently is expected at 12
months, 2-word phrases at 24 months, and copying a circle at 3 years.
7. A 2-year-old child can walk up stairs with two feet per step, build a tower of
6 blocks, and use 2-word phrases. Which milestone is NOT yet expected at this
age?
A. Pointing to body parts
B. Running
C. Riding a tricycle
D. Parallel play
E. Using a spoon
